1 wdydr ud¾.fha fldgia kus lrkak'
2 tla tla ld¾hhka isoqlrk fldgi ,shd olajkak'
uqLh ---- fN!;sl$ ridhksl cS¾Kh
.%iksldj ---- .s,Su
wdudYh ---- wdydr ;djld,slj .nvd lsrSu yd fm%dagSk cS¾Kh
l=vd wka;%h ---- cS¾Kh iusmQ¾K lsrSu yd wjfYdaIKh
uyd wka;%h --- c, wjfYdaIKh
.=o ud¾.h --- u, iEoSu
.=oh ----u, bj;a lsrSu
wlaudj $ lxld, fmaYs --- iajSlrKh
3 wdydr ud¾.fha ia;rj, msysgSu ,shkak'
Yaf,aIau,lh ---- we;=,;
wO#Yaf,aIau,lh ---- Yaf,aIau,lh msg;
fmaYs fpda,h --- uia;= mg,hg we;=,;ska
uia;= mg,h --- msg;
4 my; oelafjk mgl msysgk ia:dk ,shkak'
iusnkaOl mgl --- wO#Yaf,aIau,lh $ ffkch ;,dj
ir, ia:usNsl wmspsPoh ----- Yaf,aIau,lh we;=,; udhsu
wka;rdi¾. .%ka:s ---- Yaf,aIau,lh ffkch ;,dj
Y,aluh wmspsPoh ---- uia;= mg,h msg; udhsu
isks|q fmaYs ---- fmaYs Yaf,aIau,lh $ fmaYs fpda,h
5 fmaYs fpda,h flfia ilia jS we;a o@
isks|q fmaYs ;yvq f,i tlsfklg ,usnl f,i
jD;a;dldr fmaYs we;=,; yd wkajdhdu fmaYs msg;ska
6 fmaYs j, ld¾h Ndrh l=ulao@
l%udl=xpk ;rx. u.ska wdydrh mrsjykh $ wdydr tkaihsu iu. usY% lsrSu
7 Yaf,aIau,lh msysgk ia;r fudkjd o@
fmaYs Yaf,aIau,lh $ ffkch ;,dj $ia:usNsl wmspsPoh
8 cS¾K tkaihsu i%djh jkafka l=uk ia;rfhka o@
ia:usNsl wmspsPofhka iukajs; wdudYhsl .%ka:s u.ska
9 wOs.%ykh f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula o@
wdydr len,s jYfhka we;=¿ lr .ekSu
10 th cS¾Kh lsrSu i|yd fhdod .kakd l%u fudkjd o@
fN!;sl cS¾Kh
ridhksl cS¾Kh
2011-3-6
11 oka; uQ,fha msysgSu ,shkak'
ykq l+yrh ;+,
12 o;l mj;sk tla tla fldgfia wka;¾.;h ,shkak'
l,al l+yrh -----iusnkaOl mgl
oka;Skh ----oka;S ffi,
oka; uia;lh ----le,aishus ,jK $ fm%da,Ska fm%dagSkh
oka; isfuka;sh ---wia:s
mrsoka;s mg,h ---iusnkaOl mgl
13 o;la ks¾udKhg iyNd.s jk o%jH fudkjdo@
ushqfld fmd,sielrhsv $fld,ecka $ le,aishus ,jK
14 tla tla fLsg .%ka:s j, msysgSu ,shkak
mefrdgsvs .%ka:sh ---- lKg mQ¾jfhka
Wm W!¾Osj ykql .%ka:sh ---- ykqfjs fldaKhg hgska
W!¾Osj ykql .%ka:sh ---- Wm W!¾Osj ykql .%ka:shg bosrsfhka
15 fLsgfha wka;¾.;h l+ula o@ tajdhska isoqlrk ld¾hhka fudkjd o@
iafkayl ls%hdj ----Yaf,aIau,
laIqo% cSjSka jskdY lsrsu ----,hsfidihsus $ NaCl
msIaG c,jspsfPokh -----weuhsf,aia $ gh,ska
16 jsoqreuia m%odyh $ reOsr .e,Sus we;sjSu i|yd fya;+ jkafka l+ula o@
jsoqre ui u; nelagsrshd j¾Okh
17 tys wjika m%;sM,h l+ula o@
jsoqre ui iqoq meye js ushhdu
o; nqre,a jSu
18 tkeu,h osrdm;a jSug ljr ls%hdj,s fya;+ fjhso@
wdydrfha we;s iSks wus, njg yersu u.ska tkeu,h osrdm;a jSu
19 uQLh ;+, nelagsrshd j¾Okh fjs.j;a lrk idOl ,shkak
iSks nyq, wdydr .ekSu
PH w.h 5 -7 w.hl mej;Su
20 o;a ue,shus j, wka;¾.;h ,shkak
wdydr len,s $ fLsgh $ nelagSrshd
21 o;a ue,shus iEoSu je,elajsug l< hq;+ foh i|yka lrkak
fyd|ska o;a ueosu u.ska fLsgh .e,su myiq lsrsu
22 jsoqre uia j, ksfrda.s Ndjhg l+ula l< hq;= o@
;ka;+ wOsl wdydr .eksu
;ka;+ iys; wdydr iemSu
fkdmsisk ,o wdydr .eksu
23 tkeu,h Yla;su;a lsrsug l+ula l< hq;+ o@
ma,qfjdrhsvs ,nd .eksu $ oka;df,am Ndjs;h
24 wkakfi%da;fha msysgSu ,shkak'
Yajdikd,hg yd yDohg msgqmiska lfYarejg bosrsfhka
25 tys by<ska msysgk jD;af;da.%iksl pl% msOdkfha ld¾hh ,shkak
jd;h we;=¿ jSu je,elajSu
26 tys my<ska msysgk wkakfi%da;hsl pl% msOdkfha ld¾hh ,shkak
wdudYhsl hqI we;=¿ jSu je,elajSu
27 ia;rSN=; Y,aluh wmspsPoh fldf;la oqrg me;sr ;sfnhso@
wkakfi%da;h uOHh olajd
28 wdudYfha yevh ,shkak'
J yevh
29 tys msysgsu l+ula o@
Wor l=yrfha W;a;r ju Nd.fha jus mi
30 wdudYfha m%foaY kus lrkak'
nqoakh ---W;a;rj
wd,drh --jsoqrj
ldvshdj ---wkakfi%da;h iuSmfha
foayh ----uOHfha
31 wdudY ns;a;sfha we;s fmaYs j¾. fudkjd o@ tys msysgSu ,shkak'
isks|q fmaYs j,ska hq;a jD;a;dldr fmays --- fmaYs fpda,fha we;=,;
wkajdhdu fmaYs --- fmaYs fpda,fha msg;ska
we, fmaYs
32 wdudY .%ka:s j,ska ksmojk jsjsO i%dj i|yd odhl jk ffi, my; olajd we;'
thg wh;a i%djfha ku ,shkak'
fmmagsla ffi, $ ihsfudcka ffi, ----fmmaisfkdcka$weuhsf,aia $,hsfmaia $fm%da frkska
md¾Yaj ffi, $ Tlaiskagsla ffi, -----HCl yd wka;ria: idOlh
Yaf,aIau, ffi, --- Yaf,aIau,
wdfckafgdlduS ffi, --- firfgdkska yd ysiageuSka
wdudYhsl hQIfha i%djh W;af;ackh jkafka l=uk fydafudakfhka o@
.%eiags%ka
33 wdudYhsl hQIfha wvx.+ tkaihsu ,shkak'
weuhsf,aia $,hsfmaia $ fmmais fkdcka $flaisfkdcka
34 wdudYhsl hQIfha wvx.+ HCl u.ska isoq lrk ld¾hhka 5 la i|yka lrkak'
wls%h tkaihsu ils%h lsrSu
tkaihsuSh m%;sls%hd j,g wdus,sl udOH iemhSu
laIqo% cSjSka jskdY lsrsu
Ca++ yd Fe++ wjfydaIKh l<yels o%djH wdldrhg m;a lsrsu
35 wdudYfha PH w.h lSh o@
1.5- 3.5
36 wdudY ns;a;sfhka wjfYdaIKh jk o%jH i|yka lrkak'
c,h $uOHidr $ T!IO
37 wka;ria: idOlfha ld¾hh ,shkak
jsguska B12 iu. iusnkaO jsu u.ska wjfYdaIKh myiq lsrSu'
38 wdudYfha isoqjk tkaihsuSh m%;sl%shd fudkjdo@
fm%dagSk fmjaiska fm%dagsfhdai + fmmafgdak
flaisfkdcka frkska flaiska + Ca++
39 l=vd wka;%fha fldgia fudkjd o
.%yksh $ Y=kHka;%lh $ fYaIdka;%lh
40 C yevhla .kafka l=uk fldgi o@
.%yksh
41 wd,dr pl% msOdkh yd fYaIdka;%l –uydka;%l lmdgh we;af;a fldfya o@
wd,dr pl% msOdkh ------ wdudYh yd .%yKsh w;r
fYaIdka;%l –uydka;%l lmdgh ----- l=vd wka;%h yd uydka;%h w;r
wdudYhg idfmalaIj fuys we;s keuqus j, fjki ,shkak
wdudYfha keuqus fudgh wdka;%slkeuqus $ wx.=,sld W,a iajNdjhla .kS
42 kd,dldr .%ka:s jk ,sn¾l+ka f,ka jsjD; jkafka ljr ia:dk j,oSo@ thska i%djh jkafka l=ula o@
wx.=,sld w;r m%foaYhlg
wdka;s%l hqIh
43 nDk¾ .%ka:s ksmojkafka fudkjdo@
NdIausl ;r, yd Yaf,aIau,
44 wdka;s%l hqIh wka;¾.;h l=ulao@
Yaf,aIau, $ c,h $ tkagfrdlhsfkaia $ tkagfrdfmmagsfvsia
45 laIqo% wx.=,sld we;af;a l=ul o@
wdka;% l=yrfha wdia;rfha we;s ia:usNsl wmspspo ffi, j, $ tkagfrdffig isoyia mDIaGfha
46 laIqo% wx.=,sld u; cs¾Kh jkafka ljrla o@
vhsfmmaghsv
47 tkagfrdffig ;=, we;s tkaihsu ,shkak
fmmagsfvsia $ ,hsfmaia $iqlaf¾ia $fuda,afgsia $ ,elafgsia$
48 tkagfrdffig ;=, cS¾Kh isoqjkafka ljrla o@
,elafgdaia - fuda,afgdaia - iqlafrdaia
49 w.akHdYfha hqI tl;= jkafka l=ulska o@
fmdoq w.akHYhsl ms;a; m%kd,h u.ska
50 tys wka;¾.;h ,shkak
weuhsf,aia $ fmmagsfvsia$ ldfndlaisfmmagsfvsia $ ,hsfmaia$ gs%maisfkdcka$lhsfud gs%maiska $weuhsfkdfmmagsfvsia
51 ms;a hqIfha wka;¾.;h ,shkak
ms;a; ,jK --fidavshus .a,hsfldfldf,ags yd fidavshus fgffrdfldf,ags $ ms;a; j¾Kl ns,srenSka yd ns,sj¾vSka$fldf,iagfrd,a $ Yaf,aIau, $ c,h $ nhsldnfkags whk $LKsc ,jK $Iaf,aIau,
52 fusjd w;=rska ms;a hqIfha tla tla ld¾hh fjkqfjka odhl;ajh imhkafka l=ula o@
jsYd, fuso f.da,sld l=vd f.da,sld j,g ns|Su ---- ms;a; ,jK
ms;a hqIfha j¾Khla we;s lsrsu --- ns,srenSka
u, j, j¾Kh we;s lsrsu -- ns,srenSka
53 fus yereKq jsg ms;a hqIfhka bgqjk ;j;a ld¾hhla ,shkak
jsguska K yd cs¾Kh jQ fuso wjfYdaIKh
54 tkagfrdlhsfkaia j, ld¾hh ,shkak
gs%maisfkdcka ils%h lsrsu
55 wdydr ud¾.fha ns;a;sfhka i%djh jk fydafudak fudkjd o@
.eiags%ka $ tkagfrd.eiafg%dka $ mekals%fhdihsuska $flda,sisiafgdlhskska$ islgs%ka
56 my; i|yka tla tla ld¾hh W;af;ac qlrk fydafudakh f;darkak
wdudYhsl hQI i%djh W;af;ackh --.eiags%ka
.%eiags%ka i%djh ksfYaOkh --- tkagfrd.eiafg%dka
w.akHdYfha i%djh W;af;ackh --- mekals%fhdihsuska
ms;a;dYh u.ska ms;a hQI ksl=;a lsrsu --- flda,sisiafgdlhskska
w.akdYhsl hqI ksmojsu$i%djh ---- islgs%ka
wlaudj u.ska ms;a hqI ksmojSu --- islgs%ka
57 m%;sls%hdjg .e,fmk tkaihsuh f;darkak th isoqjk ia:dkh bosrsfhka ,shkak
fuso .a,sifgda,a + fuso wus, ,hsfmaia
msIagh fud,afgdaia weuhsf,aia
,elafgdaia .e,elafgdaia + .a,qfldaia ,elafgsia
fm%dagSk weuhsfkda wus, lhsfud gs%maiska
fm%dagSk l=vd fmd,s fmmaghsv gs%maiska
kshqla,sla wus, kshqla,sfhdaghsvs kshqla,sfhaia
kshqla,sfhdaghsvs kshqla,sfhdaihsv +fmkafgdai + khsg%ckSh NIau kshqla,sfhdaghsfvsia
fmmaghsv weuhsfkda wus, ldfndlaisfmmagsfvsia
l=vd fmd,s fmmaghsv vhs fmmaghsv weuhsfkdfmmagsfvsia
vhs fmmaghsv weuhsfkda wus, weuhsfkdfmmagsfvsia
58 wdka;s%l wmspsPofha we;s l,ia ffi,j, ld¾hh ,shkak
Yaf,aIau, i%djh u.ska iafkayl ls%hdj we;s lsrsu tkaihsu wdydr ud¾. ns;a;s h iu. .egSu je,elajSug ndOlhla f,i ls%hd lsrsu
+59 uydka;%fha fldgia fudkjd o@
wdfrdayK uydka;%lh $ ;sria uydka;%lh $ wjfrdayK uydka;%lh $ fY%daKs uydka;%lh
60 th wdrusN jk ia:dkfha we;s lmdgh l=ula o@
fYaIdka;%l –uydka;%l lmdgh
61 yrialvlska fmfkk mrsos wdka;%hg jvd ljr fjkila mj;shs o2
wx.=,sld fkdue;s jsu $ wkajdhdu fmaYs ia:rh wLkav f,i oel.; fkdyels jsu $ jid jdysks nyq,j fkdmej;Su
62 uydka;%h ;=,oS wjfydaIKh jkafka ljrla o@
Lksc ,jK $fmda,sla wus,h $ c,h$ jsguska K
63 uydka;%fha fjk;a ld¾hhla ,shkak
Yaf,aIau, i%djh
64 flaYkd,sld u.ska tl;= lr .kakd reOsrh l=uk Ysrdjla u.ska bj;g f.khhs o@
hdld;sl m%;sydr Ysrdjla u.ska
65 u, iEoSfusoS isoqjk my; ls%hdj,s ksid isoqjk >k jsu $ meisu $oqUqre meyejsu $.kaOh we;sjSu ljrl m%;sM,hla o@
c,h wjfYdaIKh jsu
b;srs jS we;s ldfndayhsvsf¾g
ns,srenska jsfhdackh
b;srs jS we;s fm%dagSk ns|Su
66 u, msgjsu i|yd m%;Slh we;sjkafka l=ula ksid o@
u, o%jH ksid .=o ud¾.h weoSu
67 ;ka;= j, jeo.;a lu ,shkak
l%udl=xpk isoqjSu W;af;ackh jSu
wdka;s%l wdndO j,lajhs
u, msg jSu myiq lrhs$ u, noaOh j,lajhs
68 u, noaOh we;s jSug fya;= ,shkak
;ka;= ys. wdydr .ekSu
u,my lsrSfus m%;Sl ls%hd hgm;a lsrSu
u,my lsrSug fhda.H p¾hd;aul yeisrSus we;slr fkd.ekSu
69 .%eiag%hsgSia frda.S ;;ajfha ,laIK fudkjd o@
wdudY ns;a;sfha Yaf,aIau, ia;rh jskdY jSu ksid ;+jd, we;s jsu $ nsns,s we;sjSu
wdudY ns;a;sh W;af;ackh jS jevsmqr HCl i%djh jSfuka Yaf,aIau, ia;rh jskdY jSu
70 .%eiag%hsgSia frda.S ;;ajh we;sjSug fya;= ,shkak
uOHidr .ekSu
os¾> ld,hla l=i.skafka isgsu
udkisl wd;;sh
laIh frda.h yd isms,sia jeks frda. j,ska fm<su
wlaudj jHqyh yd lD;Hh
1 wlaudfjs msysgSu ,shkak
W;a;r ol=Kq Nd.fha
2 tys m%Odk fldgia fol l=ula o@
ol=Kq LKavsldj yd jus LKavsldj
3 jvd jsYd, l=uk Lkavsldj o@
wlaudjg TlaislD; reOsrh imhkafka l=uk jdysksfhka o
hdlD;sl Ouksfhka
4 wlaudfjs yrialv ksrslaIKh lrkak tys olakg ,efnk Ivi%dldr jHqyfha ku ,shkak tys uOHfha wvx.= jkafka l=ula o@
wlaud wkqLKavsldj
uOH Ysrdj$ wka;( wkqLkavsl Ysrdj
5 Ivi%dldr jHqyfha fldka j, we;af;a iusnkaOl mgl j,ska iukajs; .a,sika m%djrhhs tys olakg ,efnk fjk;a foa fudkjd o@
hdlD;sl Ouksfha YdLdjla $ hdld;sl m%;sydr Ysrd YdLdjla $ ms;a; m%Kd,
6 wlaud ffi, fyj;a fymefgdffig ffi, ia:usN f,i ms<sfh, jS we; tajd tla me;a;kska reOsrfhka keyefjhs reOsrfhka msreKq wjldYh l=ula o@
wlaud fldagrdN
7 tu ffi, j,g wfkla miska we;af;a l=ula o@tys wka;¾.;h ,shkak
ms;a; kd,sld
ms;a hqIh
8 wlaud fldagrdN ;=,g reOsrh we;=¿ jkafka ljr foiska o@ ljr foilska bj;g .,hso@
.a,sika m%djrh foiska
9 l=mam¾ ffi, msysgk ia:dkh ,shkak tys lD;Hh l=ula o@
wlaud fldagrdN
jhia.; r;= reOsrdKq ns|Su$ jskdY lsrSu
10 wlaud ffi, ;=, .nvd lrk jsguska fudkjd o@
jsguska A , jsguska D, jsguska E, jsguska K
11 reOsrfha .a,qfldaia idkao%Kh jevsjQ jsg wvqjQ wlaud ffi, ;=, .nvd lrk ldfndayhsvsf¾gh l=ulao@ th W;af;ackh lrk fydafudakh ksmofjk ia:dkh ,shkak
.a,hsfldcka
w.akHdifha ,eka.yeka oajSmsld j, nSgd ffi, j,ska bkaishq,ska ksmojsu
12 reOsrfha .a,qfldaia idkao%Kh ksh; m%udKhg jvd wvqjQ jsg wlaud ffi, ;=, isoqjk ls%hdj,sh l=ulao@
.a,hsfldcka .a,qfldaia njg ns|Su$ .a,qfldaia hdukh
13 th W;af;ackh lrk fydafudakh ksmofjk ia:dkh ,shkak
w.akHdifha ,eka.yeka oajSmsld j, we,amd ffi, j,ska .a,ql.ka ksmojsu
14 fuu lD;H yereKq fldg fuys i|yka fydafudak$ reOsrh $,smsv $ ma,diau fm%dagSk $ jsI $fm%dagsk ms<sn|j ljr fufyjrla bgq lrkq ,nhs o@
ma,diau $reOsr fm%dagSk ksmojSu
,sx. fydafudak wls%h lsrSu
jsI keisu
w;srsla; fm%dagsk ns|Su $ weuhska yrKh
usksia fuso ksmojSu
reOsrh ixps; lsrSu$ ysfud.af,dnska neyer lsrsu $ reOsrh u.ska WIaK;aj hdukh