reOsr mglh
kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd biounquest.blogspot.com fj; msjsfikak'
fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoS mrSlaId lrkak
ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'
1 ljr m%ia;rfhka iusNjh fjhso@
uOH p¾ufhkka
2 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk jHqyuh fjki ,shkak
mqrlh o%jhla jSu
tys ;ka;= olakg ke;$ jNj ;ka;= mj;S iuyr wjia:dj, muKla ;ka;= we;s fjhs
3 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk lD;Huh fjki ,shkak
mQrlh ksmojkafka tys we;=,;a ffi,j,ska fkdfjs
uOH p¾ufhkka
4 wfkla mgl j,g jvd mQrlfha mj;sk jHqyuh iudk;djla ,shkak
jsYd, mQrlhla mej;Su
ldhsl f,i wjhj w;r iusnkaO;djla meje;ajSu
5 reOsrfha msoqre meyehla .kakd fldgi ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
ma,diaudj
6 tys ffi, j¾. lShla mj;S o@ ta fudkjd o@
3
r;= reOsrdKq
iqoq reOsrdKq
mgsgsld
7 msrsushl=f.a >k us,s usgrhl mj;sk reOsr ffi, ixLHdj wkqj frda.hl iajNdjh ks¾kh l< yelsh oS we;s m%;sY;hg wh;a ffi, j¾.h i|yka lrkak
r;= reOsrdKq $iqoq reOsrdKq $kshqfg%dms, $ bhqisfkdms, $ fnsfidms,$jid ffi,$ fudfkd ffig$ mgsgsld
5.4 ×10 6 ---- r;= reOsrdKq
4000-11000 --- iqoq reOsrdKq
150,000-400,000 ---- mgsgsld
>k us,s usgrhl mj;sk iqoq reOsrdKq ixLHdj m%;sY; wkqj f;darkak
3000- 6000 50-70% -- kshqfg%dms,
150-300 1-4% --- bhqisfkdms,
0-100 0-4% --- fnsfidms,
1500-4000 20-40% --- jid ffi,
300-600 2-8% --- fudfkd ffig
8 kHIags rys; f,i yuq jkafka ljrla o@
r;= reOsrdKq
mgsgsld
9 tajd ksmofjk ia:dk ,shkak
weg usoq,q
10 reOsrfha PH w.h 7.4 ls th ksh;j ;nd .eksug odhl jk ffi, j¾.h ,shkak tu yelshdj mj;skafka ljrla ksid o@ th iEoS we;af;a flfia o@
r;= reOsrdKq
ysfud.af,dnska
ySus + .af,dnSka
ySus = fmda*hsrSka wKqj + fmria whkh
fmria wvx.= ySus fldgilska yd .af,dnSka kus fm%dagSk fldgilska
11 ta ksid ,enS we;s fjk;a yelshdjla ,shkak
Tlaiscka mrsjykh
CO2 mrsjykh
12 tu lD;Hh bgq lrk fjk;a ixfhda. csjSka ;=, mj;s o@ tajd fudkjd o@ tys mj;sk whk j¾.h olajkak tu Yajik j¾Kl iys; cSjSkag WodyrK fokak
ysfud ihkSka Cu++ --- l%iafgsishd $ fud,qiald
laf,dfrd larejrska Fe++ ---- fmd,sflagd
ySfudtrs;%ska Fe++---- fud,qiald
ufhda.af,dnska Fe++ --- mDIaG jxYSka
13 jsIalusNh wvq flaYkd,sld ;=,ska .uka lsrSug yelshdj we;af;a ljrlg o@
r;= reOsrdKq
m%;Hia: jSu$ oajs wj;, ffi, tl u; tl we,su ksid
kHIags fkdue;s jSu
14 weuSndldr p,k olajkafka ljrla o@
iqoq reOsrdKq
15 r;=reOsrdKq j, wdhqI ld,h lSho@ th ns|Sfuka miq M, j,g w;ajk brKu l=ula o@
osk 120
.af,dnSka kus fm%dagSk fldgi ms;a; j¾Kl jk ns,srenSka yd ns,sj¾vSka njg m;a jSu
ySus fldgi wlaud ffi, ;=, .nvd lsrSu
16 kHIagsfha iajNdjh wkqj jsjsO ffi, flfia y|qkd.; yels o@
Lkavsld 3-5 iys; kHIagshla mej;Su --kshqfg%dms,
isyska mgshla u.ska iusnkaO Lkavsld 2la iys; kHIagshla mej;Su -- bhqisfkdms,
wiusmQ¾Kj fnoqKq Lkavsld iys; kHIagshla mej;Su -- fnsfidms,
jDlal yev kHIags mej;Su --fudfkd ffig
f.da,dldr kHIagsfhka msreKq ffi, -- jid ffi,$
kHIags rys; --- mgsgsld$ r;= reOsrdKq
17 oS we;s lD;Hhka i|yd .e,fmk ffi, f;darkak $kshqfg%dms, $ bhqisfkdms, $ fnsfidms,$jid ffi,$ fudfkd ffig$ mgsgsld
wd.ka;=l wxY= y|qkd .ekSu ----- kshqfg%dms,
NlaI ffi,l;dj oelajSu ----- kshqfg%dms,
uereKq ffi, jskdY lsrSu ------ kshqfg%dms, $ fudfkd ffig
wid;ausl m%;sls%hd i|yd ueosy;a jSu ---- fnsfidms,
laIqo% cSjSka jskdY lsrSu ------ kshqfg%dms,
m%;s foay - m%;sfoay ckl ixlS¾K ns| oeuSu ---- bhqisfkdms,
m%;s ysiageuSka ksmojSu ----- bhqisfkdms,
m%;sfoay ksmojSu ----- jid ffi,
le,aishus whk ixpdhlhla f,i ls%hd lsrSu ---- mgsgsld
18 jid ffi, mrsk;sh isoqjkafka ljr ia:dk j, o@
;hsuih $jid .egs;s
19 noaO l< wjhjhla m%;slafIam jkafka l=uk fya;=jla ksid o@
T jid ffi, u.ska ksmojk m%;sfoay myr oSu ksid
20 l=vdu ffi, j¾.h l=ula o@
mgsgsld
21 lKslduh ffi, ma,diauhla wh;a jkafka ljr ffi, j,g o@
kshqfg%dms, $ bhqisfkdms, $ fnsfidms,$jid ffi,$ mgsgsld
22 reOsr jdyskshla ;=jd, jQ jssg reOsr .e,Su je,elajSu i|yd ffi, wdila; jSu isoqfjh
ai |yd ueosy;a jk ffi, j¾.h ,shkak
mgsgsld
23 ma,diaudj ;=, wvx.= ma,diau fm%dagsk fudkjd o@ tajd ksmojk ia:dkh ,shkak
we,anshquSka $.af,dnshq,ska $ffmns%fkdcka
wlaudj
24 wdi%e;s jsOdkh md,kh lrkafka ljrla u.skao@
we,anshquSka
25 .af,dnshq,ska j, lD;Hh fokak
m%;sfoay ksmojSu
fydafudak yd ,jK mrsjykh
26 reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s wls%h tkaihsuhl ku ,shkak
fmdaf;%dusns%ka
27 th ils%h jSug wjYH jkafka ljr tkaihsuh o@
f;%dusfndlhsfkaia $f;%dusfnd ma,diagska
28 tjsg isoqjk mrsj¾;kh ,shkak ta i|yd wjYH jk ;j;a ix>glhla ,shkak
fmdaf;%dusns%ka wl%sh tkaihsuh f;%dusns%ka kus il%sh tkaihsuh njg mrsj¾;kh lsrsu
le,aishus whk
29 reOsr legsh ;=, we;s ;ka;= iEfokafka l=ula u.sska o@ ta i|yd mej;sh hq;= tkaihsuh ,shkak
ffmn%sska u.ska
f;%dusfndlhsfkaia
30 ffmns%ka iEoSug wjYH fm%dagSkh l=ula o@
ffmns%fkdcka
31 tla mqoa.,hl=f.a reOsrh ;j;a mqoa.,hl=g we;=¿ lsrSu .eg¿ldrS jk wjia:d mj;S
tu .eg¿j l=ula o@
Yaf,aIKh$ legs we;sjSu
32 th udrdka;sl jkafka wehs@
legs.eiqKq reOsr ffi, j,ska ksoyiajk ysfud.af,dnska jl=.vq j, fmrsfus ld¾hhg isoqlrk ydksh ksid uq;% fmrSu wek ysgsu
33 fuu ls%hdj, hi|yd fya;= jkafka r;= reOsrdKq j, ma,diau mg,fha we;s fm%dagSkhls
th l=ula o@
we.a,qgsfkdcka
34 fkd.e,fmk $wd.ka;=l fm%dagskhla reOsrh l=,g we;=¿jSu ksid we;sjsh ye;s m%;sM,h ,shkak
m%;sfoay wd.ka;=l fm%dagskhla u; ls%hd;aul jSu
35 tys m%;sM,h l=ula o@
reOsrh Yaf,aIKh jSu
36 reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s tjeks fm%dagskhla ,shkak
we.a,qgskSka
reOsrh Yaf,aIKh jSfus oS odhl r;= reOsrdKqj u; we;s m%;sfoay cklh u; m%;s.%dyl reOsr ma,diaudfjs we;s m%;sfoay ls%hd;aul fjhs
m%;sfoay cklh we.a,qgsfkdcka A we.a,qgsfkdcka B f,i wdldr 2la we;
37 tus wkqj reOsr .K wdldr 4la y|qkd f.k we; ta fudkjdo@
A /B $ AB / O
m%;sfoay o wdldr 2la mj;s we.a,qgskSka b we.a,qgskSka a
38 tla tla reOsr >k ;=, we;s m%;sfoay fudkjd o@
reOsr .K m%;sfoayh
A b
B a
AB -
O a yd b
39 rOsr .K A wvx.= odhlfhla B m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@
reOsr .K B wvx.= m%;s.%dyl hdf.a reOsrfha mrsudj by<h m%;sfoay a jevs jYfhka we;
reOsr .K A wvx.= odhlhdf.a reOsr mrsudj wvq nejska tys we;s u; ls%hd;aul jS m%;sfoay cklh jk we.a,qgsfkdcka A ish,a, Yaf,aIKh isoq lrhs
40 reOsr .K AB wvx.= odhlfhla B m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@
reOsr .K B wvx.= m%;s.%dyl hdf.a reOsrfha mrsudj by<h m%;sfoay a jevs jYfhka we;
reOsr .K AB wvx.= odhlhdf.a reOsr mrsudj wvq nejska tys we;s m%;sfoay cklh jk we.a,qgsfkdcka A u; m%;s.%dyl hdf.a m%;sfoay a ls%hd;aul jS Yaf,aIKh isoq lrhs
41 reOsr .K B wvx.= odhlfhla AB m%;s.%dylfhl=g ,nd oqkafka kus l=ula isoqfjhs o@
reOsr .K B wvx.= odhlhdf.a reOsrfha mrsudj wvqh
reOsr .K AB wvx.= m%;s.%dylhdf.a m%;sfoay ke; tnejska odhl reOsrh u; ls%hd;aul fkdfjs Yaf,aIKh isoq fkdfjs
42 TskEu wfhl=g reOsrh odhl l< yelafla ldg o@ ta l=ula ksid o@
O m%;sfoay ckl fkdue;s ksid m%;s.%dyl reOsrfha mQ;sfoay ls%hd;aul jSug l%uhla ke;
Yaf,aIKh isoq fkdfjs
43 TskEu wfhl=g reOsrh m%;s.%yKh l< yelafla ldg o@ ta l=ula ksid o@
AB m%;s.%dyl reOsrfha mQ;sfoay fkdue;s ksid odylhd f.a m%;sfoay ckl u; ls%hd;aul jSug l%uhla ke;
44 reOsrh Tiafia ldnka vfhdlaihsvs jevs m%udkhla mrsjykh jkafka ljr wdldrhg o@
nhsldnfkag f,i
45 reOsrh Tiafia ldnka vfhdlaihsvs wvq m%udkhla mrsjykh jkafka ljr wdldrhg o@
ldfndksla wus,h f,ig$ ldfndlais ysfud.af,dnska f,ig
46 ldfndksla wus,h nhsldnfkag njg m;a jkafka ljr tkaihsu we;s jsgo@ m%;sls%hdu ,shkak
ldfndksla wekayhsfv%sia
H2CO3 ------- H+ + HCO3-
47 iEfok H+ whk ksid isoqjk fjk;a ls%hdjla i|yka lrkak iEfok M,h l=ula o@
Tlaisysfud.af,dnska jsfhdackh
ysfud.af,dnsksla wus,h
HHb
48 whkh msg;g .uka lsrSfuoS ta fjkqjg yqjudre jk fjk;a whkhla i|yka lrkak
laf,darhsv whk
49 Tlaiscka mrsjykh jk wKqfjs iq;%h ,shkak
HbO2
50 .¾; flaYkd,sld ;=,oS r;= reOssrdKq ;=,g fmdusm lrkafka fudkjd o@whk iu;=,s;;djmj;ajd .ekSu i|yd bj;g .uka lrkafka l=ula o@
HCO3-whk
Cl- whk
51 .¾; flaYkd,sld ;=,oS jsfhdackh jk ixfhda. fudkjd o@ ta i|yd wjYH jkafka ljrla o@
Tlaiscka we;sjsg
HHb $ ldfndlais ysfud.af,dnska
a52 nhsldnfkag j,g w;ajk brKu l=ulao@
r;= reOsrdKq ;=,g we;=¿ jSu
ldfndksla wus,h iEoSu yd th njg jsfhdackh
53 iEfok ldfndksla wus,h mrsjykh jkafka l=ula yryd o@
reOsr ma,diaudj yryd