1 Ydl
ffi,hl ffi, ma,diaufha wka;¾.;h ,shkak
l,s, fm%dagSk
2 Ydl ffi,hl c,fha o%djH
M, we;af;a fld;ek o@jevs wjldYhla mqrd me;srS we;af;a ljr bkaos%ldjla o@
rsla;lh ;=,
rsla;lh
3 wkajSlaIfhka iEu Ydl ffi,hl rsla;lh ksrslaIKh l< yelso@
tjekas ffi,hl rsla;lfha wka;¾.; jsh hq;af;a fudkjdo@
wekaf;dihkska$c,h$ ,jK$
4ffi,hl m%d:usl ns;a;sh ljr .=Kdx. fmkajhs o@
mdr.uH nj
m%;Hia: nj
5 ffi,h ;=, c, jsyjh wvq
jSug fya;=jk isoaOska fudkjd o@
hqI rsla;lfha jsjsO ,jK o%djH jS ;snSu
6 wdi%e; c,hg fujeks
ffi,hla fhoQ jsg c, jsNj fjkig wkqj idfmalaIj c, wKq p,kh jsu l=uk osYdjlg isoq
jsh yels o@
7 jevs c, jsNjhl isg wvq
c, jsNjhla olajd
wdka;r mdr.uH mg,hla
yryd isoqlrk fuu ls%hdj,sh y|qkajk ku ,shkak
wdi%e;sh
8 ffi,hl we;s tjeks wdka;r mdr.uH mg, fudkjd o@
tys ,laIK ,shkak
ma,diau mg,h
rsla;l mg,h
c, wKq j,g muKla .uka
lsrsug $ jsirKhg wjldY i,ik mg,hls’
7 lfvd,dk mrsirhl we;s
c,hg fujeks ffi,hla oeuQ jsg wdi%e;sh
ksid c,h we;=¿ ljr osYdjlg o@
msg; isg ffi,h ;=,g
ffi,h ;=, isg msg;g
8 tjeks mrsirhl jefvk Ydl
j,g c,h we;=¿ jkafka l=ula yryd o@
uQ, flaY ffi,
9 wjfYdaIKh lrk c, m%udKh
;SrKh jkafka l=ula u; o@
uQ, flaY ffi, ;=, c, jsNjh yd mdxY= c,fha c, jsNjh w;r mj;sk c, jsNj fjki u;
uQ, flaY ffi, ;=, c, jsNjh yd mdxY= c,fha c, jsNjh w;r mj;sk c, jsNj fjki jevsjk jsg l=ula isoqfjhs
o@
we;=¿ lr .; yels c,
m%udKh jevs fjhs’
lfvd,dk mrsirhl we;s Ydl
fus i|yd ljr wkqj¾;k fmkajhs o@
hqI rsla;lfha jevs ,jK
m%udKhla we;=,;a lr .ekSfuka fN!usl Ydl j,g jvd uQ, flaY ffi,j, c, jsNjh wvq lr
f.k we;
c, jsNj fjki jevs lr f.k
we;
7 rsla;lh ;=,g c,h we;=¿
jk jsg ffi,fha uq,skau we;sjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@
rsla;lh jsYd, jSu
ffi,fha mrsudj jevs jSu
hqI rsla;lfha c, jsNjh
wvq jsu
8 hqI rsla;lfha o%djH jsNjhg l=ula isoq fjhs o@
wvq fjhs
9 ffi,fha mrsudj jevsjk
jsg ffi, ns;a;sh u; iam¾Y jkafka l=ula o@
ma,diau mg,h
10 tysoS ffi, ns;a;sh u;
ma,diau mg,fhka we;slrk msvkh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@
Y+k;d mSvkh $TP
11 tjsg ffi, ns;a;sfhka
we;s lrk m%;Hia: n,mEu l=ula o@ tu msvkh
y|qkajk ku l=ula o@
m%dla ma,diagh fj;g iudk m%;sjsreoaO n,hla ,nd
oSu
ns;= mSvkh $ WP
12 ffi, ns;a;sfhka we;s
lrk msvkh ksid c, jsNjhg l=ula isoq
fjhs o@
jevs fjhs
13 msvkh fya;=fldg f.k
c, jsNjfha we;sjk fjkia jSu y|qkajk ku ,shkak
msvk jsNjh $ ψP
14 fus wkqj ffi,hla ;=,g
c,h we;=¿jSfus yelshdj ψcell
w.h ljr jsNj w.hhka u; r|d mj;S o@
ψcell ═ ψP + ψs
15 hus wjia:djloS ffi,h
;=,g c,h we;=¿jsu wekysgshs tu wjia:dfjs mj;sk ffi,h y|qkajk ku ,shkak tysoS
,efnk w.h lSho@
Y+k
ffi,h
ψcell ═ 0
16 ψP yd
ψs w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ula o@
ψP ═ ψs
17 c, jsNjh jevs o%djKhlg Y+k ffi,hla fhoQ jsg c, .uk ljr osYdjlg isoq fjhs o@ tu ld¾hdj,sh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@
hqI rsla;lfha isg msg; o%djKh ;=,g
ndysrdi%e;sh
18 rsla;lfhka bj;g c,h we;=¿ jk jsg ffi,fha we;sjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@
rsla;lfha mrsudj wvq jSu
ffi,fha mrsudj wvq jSu
hqI rsla;lfha c, jsNjh jevs
jsu
ma,diau mg,h ffi,
ns;a;sfhka wE;a jSu ψP w.h 0 jSu
19 ffi, ns;a;sfhka ma,diau mg,h
wE;ajSu wdrusN lrk wjia:dj ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
wdrusNl jsY=k;dj
20 tu wjia:dfjs w.h 0 jkafka l=ul o@
ψP
21 tysoS ffi,fha c, jsNjh iudk
jkafka l=ulg o@
ψcell ═ ψs
o%djKhl fu!,sl;dj okakd jsg j.=jla u.ska tys c, jsNjh fidhd .; yelsh’
22 hqI rsla;lfha c, jsNjhg iudk c, jsNjhla iys; o%djKhlg ffi,hla fhoQ
jsg c, mrsudj fjkia fjhs o
ke;
23 tjeks o%djK y|qkajk ku ,shkak
iudNsidrl o%djK
24 fuu w.hg jvd iq¿ fyda idkao%K jevs lsrSula o%djKfha we;s l< jsg
l=ula isoqfjhs o@
wdrusNl jsY=k;dj wjia:dj we;s jSu
25 iuyr ffi,j, fuu wjia:dj m%dfhda.slj ksrSlaIKh l< yelsh ta l=ula
ksid o@ WodyrK fokak
ffi,hl rsla;lfha wekaf;dihkSka wka;¾.; jsu
frdaysfhda $¿EKq wmsprauh
26 fujeks mglhla iSks
o%djKhlg oud wkajSlaIhlska mrSlaId l< fyd;a l=ula ksrslaIKh lsrSug yels fjhs
o@
iuyr ffi, Y+k f,i mej;Su
yd iuyr ffi, jsY+kj mej;Su
27 thg fya;=j ,shkak
tys we;s ffi, j, c, jsNj w.hhka jsjsO jSu ksid
28 frdaysfhda wmsp¾u ffi,hl c,jsNjh fijSfus oS u;=jk
m%dfhda.sl .eg¿j l=ula o@
tla ffi,hl c,jsNjh
fijSug wiSre fjhs tu ksid mglfha udOHkH c,jsNjh fijsu isoq lrhs
29 mglfha udOHkH c,jsNj
w.h f,i ,nd .kafka l=ula o@
50% la Y+k ffi, yd 50% la jsY+k
ffi, ,nd fok o%djKh fidhd .ekSu
jsY=k;d m%;sY; w.h 50la jk mglh wh;a o%djKfha fu!,sl;djh fidhd j.=jla wOdrfhka tu o%djKfha c, jsNjh fidhd .eksu
30 jsjsO fu!,sl;d we;s
iqlafrdaia o%djK idod bka wk;=rej isoq l< hq;af;a l=ula o@
frdaysfhda wmsp¾u isjs .,jd tu o%djK j,g oud jskdvs 20
ld,hla iu;=,s; jSug ;enSu
31 jskdvs 20 ld,hla iu;=,s;
jSug ;enSfuka miq l=ula l< hq;= o@
lodjla u;g isjsh f.k wkajslaI o¾Yk m:hg wh;a ffi, .Kk
.Kkh lsrsu
tys we;s jsY+k ffi, .Kk
.Kkh lsrSu
32 jsY+k;d m%;sY;h fidhd
.ekSfuka wk;=rej 50% la jsY+k ;d m%;sY;h fidhd .kafka flfia o@
o%djKfha fu!,sl;djg
tfrysj 50% la jsY+k;d m%;sY;h m%ia;dr .; lsrSfuka
33 .y, Colocasia fyda ynr, Alocasia
jDka;hla isria w;g jsIalusNh $iuus;sl
wlaIh Tiafia m,d ,efnk 4cm fldgila jd;hg ksrdjrKh lr ;nkak
ljr fjkia jsula Tng
ksrslaIKh l< yels o@
jl%;djla we;s fjhs’
34 W;a;, mdIaGfha ljr
mglhla mj;s o@ wj;, mdIaGfha ljr mglhla mj;s o@
ndyslh
wmsp¾uh
35 jl%;djhg fya;=j ,shkak
wmsp¾u ffi,j, g
idfmalaIj ndysl ffi,j, mrsudj jevsjsu $os. jevsjSu
36 ffi,j, mrsudj jevsjsu g
ljr isoqjSula fya;= fjhs o@
hdno ffi,j,ska c,h we;=¿
jsu
37 fuu c, .ukh ljr kulska
y|qkajhs o@
wdi%e;sh
38 l=uk m%foaYfha ffi,j,
c,jsNjh wvq fjhs o@ thg fya;=j ,shkak
ndyslfha W;a;, mDIaGfha
ffi,j,
wmsp¾u ffi,j, g
idfmalaIj ndysl ffi,j, c,h jdIamjSfus is>%;dj jevs ksid
39 c,h jdIamjSfus
is>%;dj jevs ksid c,h jdIamjSfus is>%;dj wvq wehs@
tu ffi, j,g msg;ska bgs
Wpsp¾uhla mej;Su
wmsp¾u ffi,j, ns;a;s j,
lshqgska wka;¾.; jsu
40 fujeks ynr, ms;s fldgil jl%;dj fjkia fjhs o hkak
fidhd .eksug m%:ufhka l< hq;af;a l=ula o@
lvodishla u; tys yevh
igyka lsrsu
41 fojkqj fidhd .; hq;af;a
l=ula o@
kQ,la fhdod .ksuska
W;a;, mDIaGfha os. fidhd .ekSu
42 jl% mDIaGfha uOH ,laIh
fidhd .ekSfuka wk;=rej Tn l+ula l< hq;+ fjhs o@
tu ,laIfha isg wmsp¾ufha
fl<jr olajd f¾Ldjla we|Su yd tu f¾Ld w;r fldaKh ueksu
fuf,i ilid .;a ynr, ms;s
fldgia lsysmhla Ndjs; lr tjeks mglhl c, jsNjh fidhd .; yels fjhs’
43 lsishus o%djKhl c,
jsNjh ffi,fha c,jsNjhg iudk fjhs kus Tn
l=ula wfmalaId lrkafka o@
jl%;djfha fjkila we;s
fkdfjs
44 fujeks mrslaIKhloS
o%djKh f,i l=ula Ndjs; l< yels o@
iqlafrdaia
45 jsjsO fu!,sl;d we;s
o%djK idod bka wk;=rej isoq lrkafka ljrla o@
yevh igyka lr .;a ynr,
ms;s f,an,a lr .;a iqlafrdaia o%djK j,g fhosu yd usks;a;= 30la iu;=,s; jsug
;ensu
46 mdGdxl f,i l=ula ,nd .;
hq;= o@
usks;a;= 30la iu;=,s; jQ
miq f;; ud;a;= lr lvodishla u; ;nd tys
yevh igyka lsrsu
jl%;djh $ fldaKh ueksu
47 ks.uk ,nd .eksug kus
l=ula l< hq;= o@
o%djKfha fu!,sl;dj;a jl%;djfha
fjki $fldaK fjki;a w;r m%ia;drhla we|Su
,efnk f¾Ldj X
wlaIh fPokh lrk ia:dkfha o%djKhg wh;a fu!,sl;dj fijsu yd j.=jla u.ska c, jsNjh
fijSu
48 mglfha c, jsNjhg jvd jevs
c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g ynr, ms;s fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@
jl%;dj jevs jsu $fldaKh
jevsjsu
49 mglfha c, jsNjhg jvd wvq
c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g ynr, ms;s fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@
ta wehs@
ndyslh foig wj;, jl%;dj
we;sjsu $fldaKh jevsjsu
wmsp¾u ffi,j, g idfmalaIj ndysl ffi,j, c,h
bj;a jsfus is>%;dj jevs ksid tys mrsudj wvq fjhs
50 c,h bj;a jsu
isoqjkafka s jkafka wehs@
iqlafrdaia o%djKfha c,
jsNjhg jvd mglfha c, jsNjh wvq jSu
lergs j, wdydr ixps; lrk ,o uqoqka uqf,a mgl fyda
w¾;dm,a
51 wdlkao mgl j, c, jsNjh fijsug
fuu l%uh fhdod .kshs tfy;a ta i|yd fhdod .kakd w¾;dm,a is,skavr $ ;Sre j, ljr
fjkia jsula ta i|yd Ndjs; l< yels o@
osf.ys fjkia jsu
$ialkaOfha fjkia jsu
52 tu ;sre j, os. jevs
jkafka wehs@
mglh ;=,g c,h we;=¿jsu
ksid isoqjk ffi,fha mrsudj jevs jSu
53 ffi, ;=, mj;sk c, jsNj w.h l=ula jsh hq;= o@
msg; o%djKhg jvd tu w.h wvq
jsh hq;= h
54 mglfha c, jsNjhg
iudk c, jsNjh we;s o%djK j,g w¾;dm,a
is,skavr fhoQ jsg ljr fjkila ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@
ialkaOh fydA osf.ys
fjkila isoq fkdfjhs