mrskduh
1 mD:sjsfha wdrusNl jdhqf.da,h $Wm; l=uk ld,hl isoqjS o@
-ns,shk 4'5 lg fmr
2 tu ld,h ;=, isoq jQ fjkialus ,shkak
mD:sjs wNHka;rh o%j yrh yd m%djrKh jYfhka fjka jSu
pqusnl lafIa;%hla ks¾udKh jSu
3 mD:sjsfha wdrusNl jdhqf.da,h tkus Tlaiscka fyda Tsfidaka fkdue;s$ Tlaisydrl jdhqf.da,h iEoS ;snqfka flfia o@
H2 N2 CO2 H2S NH3 CH4 c, jdIAm
4 j¾Idj we;sjSug ;=vq oqka fjkia jSu ,shkak
mD:sjsfha WIaK;ajh wvq jSu ksid c, jdIam >ksNjkh jSu
5 j¾Idj iu. we;s jQ c,dY j, iqjsfYaI;ajh l=ula o@
c,fha o%djH wldnksl whk tla reia jsu ksid wdos iQmh ks¾udKh jsu
6 wdos iQmfha wka;¾.;h l=ula o@ fuu u;h bosrsm;a lf<a ljqreka o@
weuhsfkda wus, $ fuso wus, $.a,qfldaia$kshqla,sla wus, wKq jgd l,s, wKq tlareia jSu
1920 oS ye,afvska
7 fus i|yd wjYH Yla;sh ,nd .;af;a l=ulska o@
wl=Kq u.ska
mD:sjshg we;=¿ jk UV lsrK u.ska
huy,a jsodrKh u.ska
8 fujekakla isoqjsh yels nj m%dfhda.slj bosrsm;a lf<a ljq o@ th isol< wkaou ,shkak
1953 iageka,s us,¾ yd yer,avs hqf¾
Tlaisydrl jdhqf.da,hla is,a l< n,anhla ;+, ks¾udKh lsrSu
H2 N2 CO2 H2S NH3 CH4 c, jdIAm wvx.+ jdhq usY%Khla ;+,ska jsoq,s mq<sÕ+jla hejSu
i;shlg miq M, ksrSlaIKh lsrSu
9 fujeks wKq l,s,uh wKq j,ska jg jSfuka ks¾udKh jQfha ljrla o@
fldweifjsg we;sjSu
10 fudjqka fmdaIKh ,enqfjs ljrlska o@
id.rfia mej;s ldnksl wKq u.ska
11 tu fmdaIK l%uh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
Tjqka jsIufmdaISka f,i cSj;a jSu
12 fmdaI o%jH wjika jSfu ka miq ljr fmdaIK l%uhla fmkajk cSjSka werusN jQfha o@
ridhksl ixiaf,aISka nsysjSu
13 Tjqkaf.a mrsjD;a;sfha oS isoqjQ jeo.;a isoqjSula ,shkak Tjqka nsysjQfha ljodo@
Tjqkaf.a mrsjD;a;Sh M,hla f,i fmda*hsrska wKqj ksmojSu
ns,shk 3'8lg fmr we;sjSu
14 th lD;Huh jYfhka iudk jkafka l=ulg o@
nelagSrshd laf,dfrdms,a j,g iudk;ajhka oelajSu
15 ljr fmdaIK l%uhla fus ksid nsysjQfha o@
m%Ndixiaf,aIS fmdaIKh we;sjSu
16 Tlaiscka ksmojk m%Ndixiaf,aISka nsysjQfha ljodo@
Tlaiscka ksmojk m%Ndixiaf,aISka ns,shk 3'5-3 lg fmr we;sjSu
17 mD:sjs b;sydifha m%Odk hq. 4 ,shkak
Archeozoic m%dlaflausn%Sh ns,shk 2'7-0'7
Palaeozoic - fm,sfhdfidhsla ns,shk 1'0-1'5
Mesozoic - uSfifidhsla
Cenozoic - iSfkdfidhsla
my; oela fjk isoqjSus j,g wod, hq. fudkjd o@
Tlaiscka ksmojk m%Ndixiaf,aISka ns,shk 3'5-3 lg fmr we;sjSu
m%dlaflausn%Sh hq.fha nelagSrshd yd fm%dgsiagdjka muKla cSj;a jSu
l Paleozoic Cambrian us,shk 570
Ordovician us,shk 510
Silurian us,shk 440
Devonian us,shk 408
Carboniferous us,shk us,shk 362
Permian us,shk 290
Triassic us,shk 245
Mesozoic Jurasic us,shk 208
Cretaceous us,shk 145
Coenozoic Tertiary us,shk - 65
18 wmDIaGjxYSka nyq,h flausn%Sh us,shk 570 fmr
nelagSrshd yd fm%dgsiagdjka os,Sr mej;Su flausn%Sh
19 fN!usl Ydl we;sjSu fud,qiald me;srSu --- Tfvdjshka us,shk 510 fmr
u;aiH mrsKduh ---- Tfvdjshka
s20 fmky,q u;aiHhka yd lDuSka we;sjSu ----is,QrSh us,shk 440 fmr
21 WNhcSjSka iusNjh jsu fvfjdkSh us,shk 408 fmr
n%fhdmsgd uSjk Ydl --- fvfjdkSh
22 uSjk jkdka;r we;sjSu ldfndksmria us,shk 362 fmr
m%:u Wr.hka we;sjSu ---- ldfndksmria
23 flaa;+Or Ydl we;sjSu ---- m¾ushka us,shk 290 fmr
wefudksgd yd g%hsf,dndgd j|jSu --- m¾ushka
24 jsjD; nScl nyq,jSu g%heisla us,shk 245 fmr
laISrmdhSka we;sjSu g%heisla
25 imqIam Ydl we;sjsu cqrdisl us,shk 208 fmr
fla;+Or Ydl me;srsu ----cqrdisl
Wr.hkaf.a me;srSu ----cqrdisl
26 Wr.hkaf.a j|jSu ---- l%sfgsiSh us,shk 145 fmr
mlaISka we;sjSu ---- l%sfgsiSh
27 laISrmdhSkaf.a mrskduh ----fm,sfhdiSka Paleocene
28 wdjD; nScl Ydl me;srSu ---bfhdiSka Eocene
29 ksj¾;k jkdka;r we;sjSu --- T,sf.diSka Oligocene
30 usksidg iudk jdkrhsla we;sjSu --- ufhdiSka Miocene
31 laISrmdhSkaf.a nyq,jSu --- ma,fhdiSka Pliocoene
l TskEu fjs,djloS wcSj o%jH j,ska iajhxisoaOj cSjh we;sjk nj
Wod ' l+Kqj,ska mkqjka we;sjSu
fros len,s j,ska uShka we;sjSu
32 mrskduh ms<sn| mj;sk by;ska i|yka u;h y|qkajk ku l=ula o@
iajhxisoaO ckk jdoh
33 ish,q cSjSka iqjsfYaIS n,OdrS fojshka jykafia flfkl+ ujk ,o nj mjikafka l=uk u;hl o@
uejSu ms<sn| jdoh
34 wNHjldYfhka cSjSka Wod 'W,ald fyda wkH .%yf,dalhkska meusKs wNHjldY hdkd
$ nScdKq meusKs nj;a thska cSjSka we;sjQ nj;a mejfikafka ljr u;hl o@
fldiafudfidhsla u;h