ms<s;=re
kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, biounquest.blogspot.com m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lrkak
Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; biounquest.blogspot.com msjsfikak' fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak
ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'
mrsir moaO;s
1 wdydr oduhla hkq l=ula o@
mrsir moaO;shl mj;sk fmdaIK wkqms<sfj,
2 wdydr odu j¾. lShla mj;So@ tajd i|yka lrkak
3
3 jsf,damSh $W,d lk wdydr oduh
mrfmdaIS wdydr odu
kslafIam wdydr odu
4 ksIamdolhka uq,ska isgskafka ljr wdydr oduhl o@
jsf,damSh $W,d lk wdydr oduh
5 osrdm;ajk ldnksl o%jH j,ska wdrusN jk wdydr odufha ku ,shkak
6 tys mqrela wkqms<sfj,ska ,shkak
7 mrsir moaO;s ;=, m<uq fmdaIK ugsgu ksfhdackh lrkakka f.a iajNdjh l=ula o@
wfkla fmdaIK ugsgus j,g ldnksl fmdaIl iemhSu
8 nyq,j yuqjk m<uq fmdaIK ugsgfus isgsk cSjSka Yla;sh imhd .kakd m%Njh ,shkak
Tjqka jsiska ksmojk ldnksl wdydr
9 iajNdjfha mj;ski ir, wdydr odu we;af;a iq¿ m%udKhls thg fya;=j l=ula o@
tla cSjshl= fjk;a cSjSka lsysm fofkl= u; hefmhs tu cSjSka fjk;a cSjSka f.a o fmdaIK wjYH;d iusmQ¾K lrhs fus ksid jsjsO YdLkh jQ wdydr odu cd,hla fuka tlsfklg iusnkaoj we;
9 tjekakla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
wdydr cd,
10 wdydr cd, mej;Sfus jdish ,shkak
ir, wdydr oduhl mqrella bj;a jSu ta u; hefmk wfkla cSjSka f.a meje;aug ;¾ckhls
tlu jsfYaIfha cSjSka w;r ;rÕhla we;s lsrSug th fya;= fjhs
wdydr cd, mej;Su ksid cSjSka w;r ;rÕh wvq fjhs
11 mrsir moaO;shl fmdaIS ugsgus w;r iusnkaO;dj m%udKd;aul f,i ;Sre m%ia;drsl l%uhlg ksrEmkh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
mdrsirsl msrusv
12 tys wdldr 3 y|qkajkak
Yla;s msrusv
ixLHd msrusv
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
13 tall j¾. M,hl jQ cSjska tall ld,hloS ksIamdokh lrk uq¿ Yla;s m%udKh Ndjs;fhka ljr jsrusvhla ksrEmkh lrhs o@
Yla;s msrusv
14 ta fjkqjg cSjSkaf.a jsh<s nr Ndjs;hg .kakd jsrusvfha ku ,shkak
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
15 tall j¾. M,hl tall ld,hloS tla tla fmdaIK ugsgfus fjfik isgsk cSjska ixLHdj we;=,;a lr ieliQ msrusvfha ku l=jla o@
ixLHd msrusv
16 Wvql=re yevh;a .kakd msrusvhla iEu msgu ,efnkafka ljr wjia:djloso@
Yla;s msrusv
17 tfia jSug fya;= fokak
tla fmdaIK jgsgul isg B,Õ fmdaIK ugsgug hdfus oS Yla;sh wmf;a hdu
18 wdydr odufha tla fmdaIK jgsgul isg B,Õ fmdaIK ugsgug hdfus oS Yla;sh wmf;a hk Yla;s m%;sY;h ,shkak
90%
19 ljr fya;=jla ;srl, ksid Yla;sh wmf;a hhs o@
Yajikh i|yd jehjSu
cs¾Kh fkdjQ M, f,i bj;ajk u, o%jH f,i ldnksl wKq bj;a jSu
wdydrhg fkdf.k bj;a lrk fldgia u.ska
20 hgsl=re msrusv ,efnk wjia:d WodyrK f,i fokak
ixLHd msrusv
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
21 mrsir moaO;shla fjkiajSug ,la fjhs wjidkfha th iu;=,s;;djg m;a fjhs fkdfjkia $ i:dhS ;;ajhg m;afjhs tu iu;=,s; wjia:dj y|qkajk ku ,shkak ta i|yd WodyrK fokak
W;al¾Ij;a m%cdj
j¾Id jkdka;rhla
22 tjeks mrsir moaO;shla jskdYhg ,la jSfuka miq usksidf.a n,mEulska f;drj jir 20 la muK mej;=k fyd;a tys olakg ,efnkq we;af;a l=ula o@
j¾Id jkdka;rhla
23 wdrusNfha isg fuu wjia:dj olajd tys we;sjk Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sfha m%.duS fjkiajSus fY%aKsh y|qkajk ku ,shkak
ika;;sh $ixfY%aKsh
24 Ydl nyq,;dj wkqj Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sh wkqms<sfj,ska olajkak
we,a.S -----mdis Ydl --- m¾Kdx. ----;DK ---me<Egs ----m|qre ----.ia
25 jsjsO fya;+ka u; ia:dhS m%cdjla we;sjSu je,lS hdug bv we; tjeks wjia:djka lsysmhla ,shkak
mi ksire jSu $ wdus,sl jSu
usksidf.a n,mEu
,ejs .sks
26 fujeks fya;+ka ksid we;sjQ iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s lsysmhla y|qkajkak
m;k $;DK N+us
lels,a, uSjk nsus
27 ;DK N+ushl Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh w.y lSh o@
tlg jvd jevshs
28 j¾Id jkdka;rhl Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh w.y lSh o@
tlg jvd wvqhs
29 tnejska tall j¾.M,hlska wfkla fmdaIK ugsgus i|yd imhd.; yels jkafka ljr mrsir moaO;sfhka o@ tjeks mrsir moaO;s i|yd WodyrK fokak
id.rh $ fldr,a mr
flgs ld,Sk fNda. iys; j.d nsus
30 tys mj;sk jsfYaI .Kk l=ula fjs o@
ia:dhS m%cdjl jsfYaI .Kk jevshs
31 mrsir moaO;shl j%jH .,d hdu jsjD; o@ ixjD; o@ tys mj;sk wldr fol ,shkak
ixjD;hs
jdhquh pl%
wjidos; pl%
32 jdhquh pl% 2la ,shkak
khsg%cka pl%h
ldnka pl%h
33 Ydl ;=, mj;sk khsg%cka wvx.= ixfhda. 3la ,shkak
fm%dagSk / DNA $ laf,dfrdms,a j¾Kl
34 tajd ksIamdokh i|yd Ydl jsiska uQ, o%jH mfika we;=¿ lr .kafka ljr wdldr j,ska o@
khsfg%sg
wefudakshus whk f,i
35 khsfg%sg mig ,efnkafka flfia o@
ridhksl khsfg%sg fmdfydr u.ska
laIqo% cSjSka jsiska isoqlrk khsgs%lrKfhka
jsoq,s flgSu u.ska
khsg%cka ;sr lsrsfuka
36 wefudakshus whk mig ,efnk l%uh ,shkak
i;=kaf.a khsg%ckSh nysi%djSh M,
ridhksl hqrshd $wefudakshus i,afmags jeks fmdfydr u.ska
fm%dagsfhda,hsisia ls%hdj,sh $ weuhsfkda wus, jsfhdackfha oS
37 wefudakshus whk khsfg%sg njg m;a lrkafka mshgr follsks tu mshjr yd iyNd.sjk cSjSka ,shkak
wefudakshus whk ---- khsg%hsg cSjska -- Nitrosomonas / Nitrococcus
khsg%hsg ------ khsfg%sg cSjska -- Nitrobacter
38 khsg%cka ;sr lsrsu ljr l%u j,g isoq fjhs o@
iycSjS ;sr lsrSu
iycSjS fkdjk ;sr lsrSu
39 ksoyia khsg%cka ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak
Azotobacter ---mfia usrsosh
Nostoc --- usrsosh
Clostridium--- mfia
Anabaena -- usrsosh
40 iycSjS ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak
Rhizobium --- rks, Ydl uq, .egs;s iSlia fldr,a uq,a
Anabaena---- iSlia fldr,a uq,a
kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, biounquest.blogspot.com m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lrkak
Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; biounquest.blogspot.com msjsfikak' fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak
ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'
mrsir moaO;s
1 wdydr oduhla hkq l=ula o@
mrsir moaO;shl mj;sk fmdaIK wkqms<sfj,
2 wdydr odu j¾. lShla mj;So@ tajd i|yka lrkak
3
3 jsf,damSh $W,d lk wdydr oduh
mrfmdaIS wdydr odu
kslafIam wdydr odu
4 ksIamdolhka uq,ska isgskafka ljr wdydr oduhl o@
jsf,damSh $W,d lk wdydr oduh
5 osrdm;ajk ldnksl o%jH j,ska wdrusN jk wdydr odufha ku ,shkak
6 tys mqrela wkqms<sfj,ska ,shkak
7 mrsir moaO;s ;=, m<uq fmdaIK ugsgu ksfhdackh lrkakka f.a iajNdjh l=ula o@
wfkla fmdaIK ugsgus j,g ldnksl fmdaIl iemhSu
8 nyq,j yuqjk m<uq fmdaIK ugsgfus isgsk cSjSka Yla;sh imhd .kakd m%Njh ,shkak
Tjqka jsiska ksmojk ldnksl wdydr
9 iajNdjfha mj;ski ir, wdydr odu we;af;a iq¿ m%udKhls thg fya;=j l=ula o@
tla cSjshl= fjk;a cSjSka lsysm fofkl= u; hefmhs tu cSjSka fjk;a cSjSka f.a o fmdaIK wjYH;d iusmQ¾K lrhs fus ksid jsjsO YdLkh jQ wdydr odu cd,hla fuka tlsfklg iusnkaoj we;
9 tjekakla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
wdydr cd,
10 wdydr cd, mej;Sfus jdish ,shkak
ir, wdydr oduhl mqrella bj;a jSu ta u; hefmk wfkla cSjSka f.a meje;aug ;¾ckhls
tlu jsfYaIfha cSjSka w;r ;rÕhla we;s lsrSug th fya;= fjhs
wdydr cd, mej;Su ksid cSjSka w;r ;rÕh wvq fjhs
11 mrsir moaO;shl fmdaIS ugsgus w;r iusnkaO;dj m%udKd;aul f,i ;Sre m%ia;drsl l%uhlg ksrEmkh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@
mdrsirsl msrusv
12 tys wdldr 3 y|qkajkak
Yla;s msrusv
ixLHd msrusv
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
13 tall j¾. M,hl jQ cSjska tall ld,hloS ksIamdokh lrk uq¿ Yla;s m%udKh Ndjs;fhka ljr jsrusvhla ksrEmkh lrhs o@
Yla;s msrusv
14 ta fjkqjg cSjSkaf.a jsh<s nr Ndjs;hg .kakd jsrusvfha ku ,shkak
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
15 tall j¾. M,hl tall ld,hloS tla tla fmdaIK ugsgfus fjfik isgsk cSjska ixLHdj we;=,;a lr ieliQ msrusvfha ku l=jla o@
ixLHd msrusv
16 Wvql=re yevh;a .kakd msrusvhla iEu msgu ,efnkafka ljr wjia:djloso@
Yla;s msrusv
17 tfia jSug fya;= fokak
tla fmdaIK jgsgul isg B,Õ fmdaIK ugsgug hdfus oS Yla;sh wmf;a hdu
18 wdydr odufha tla fmdaIK jgsgul isg B,Õ fmdaIK ugsgug hdfus oS Yla;sh wmf;a hk Yla;s m%;sY;h ,shkak
90%
19 ljr fya;=jla ;srl, ksid Yla;sh wmf;a hhs o@
Yajikh i|yd jehjSu
cs¾Kh fkdjQ M, f,i bj;ajk u, o%jH f,i ldnksl wKq bj;a jSu
wdydrhg fkdf.k bj;a lrk fldgia u.ska
20 hgsl=re msrusv ,efnk wjia:d WodyrK f,i fokak
ixLHd msrusv
ffcj ialkaO msrusv
21 mrsir moaO;shla fjkiajSug ,la fjhs wjidkfha th iu;=,s;;djg m;a fjhs fkdfjkia $ i:dhS ;;ajhg m;afjhs tu iu;=,s; wjia:dj y|qkajk ku ,shkak ta i|yd WodyrK fokak
W;al¾Ij;a m%cdj
j¾Id jkdka;rhla
22 tjeks mrsir moaO;shla jskdYhg ,la jSfuka miq usksidf.a n,mEulska f;drj jir 20 la muK mej;=k fyd;a tys olakg ,efnkq we;af;a l=ula o@
j¾Id jkdka;rhla
23 wdrusNfha isg fuu wjia:dj olajd tys we;sjk Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sfha m%.duS fjkiajSus fY%aKsh y|qkajk ku ,shkak
ika;;sh $ixfY%aKsh
24 Ydl nyq,;dj wkqj Ydl jsfYaI ixhq;sh wkqms<sfj,ska olajkak
we,a.S -----mdis Ydl --- m¾Kdx. ----;DK ---me<Egs ----m|qre ----.ia
25 jsjsO fya;+ka u; ia:dhS m%cdjla we;sjSu je,lS hdug bv we; tjeks wjia:djka lsysmhla ,shkak
mi ksire jSu $ wdus,sl jSu
usksidf.a n,mEu
,ejs .sks
26 fujeks fya;+ka ksid we;sjQ iajdNdjsl mrsir moaO;s lsysmhla y|qkajkak
m;k $;DK N+us
lels,a, uSjk nsus
27 ;DK N+ushl Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh w.y lSh o@
tlg jvd jevshs
28 j¾Id jkdka;rhl Y=oaO m%d:usl ksIamdok w.h$ Yajikh i|yd jehjk Yla;s m%udKh w.y lSh o@
tlg jvd wvqhs
29 tnejska tall j¾.M,hlska wfkla fmdaIK ugsgus i|yd imhd.; yels jkafka ljr mrsir moaO;sfhka o@ tjeks mrsir moaO;s i|yd WodyrK fokak
id.rh $ fldr,a mr
flgs ld,Sk fNda. iys; j.d nsus
30 tys mj;sk jsfYaI .Kk l=ula fjs o@
ia:dhS m%cdjl jsfYaI .Kk jevshs
31 mrsir moaO;shl j%jH .,d hdu jsjD; o@ ixjD; o@ tys mj;sk wldr fol ,shkak
ixjD;hs
jdhquh pl%
wjidos; pl%
32 jdhquh pl% 2la ,shkak
khsg%cka pl%h
ldnka pl%h
33 Ydl ;=, mj;sk khsg%cka wvx.= ixfhda. 3la ,shkak
fm%dagSk / DNA $ laf,dfrdms,a j¾Kl
34 tajd ksIamdokh i|yd Ydl jsiska uQ, o%jH mfika we;=¿ lr .kafka ljr wdldr j,ska o@
khsfg%sg
wefudakshus whk f,i
35 khsfg%sg mig ,efnkafka flfia o@
ridhksl khsfg%sg fmdfydr u.ska
laIqo% cSjSka jsiska isoqlrk khsgs%lrKfhka
jsoq,s flgSu u.ska
khsg%cka ;sr lsrsfuka
36 wefudakshus whk mig ,efnk l%uh ,shkak
i;=kaf.a khsg%ckSh nysi%djSh M,
ridhksl hqrshd $wefudakshus i,afmags jeks fmdfydr u.ska
fm%dagsfhda,hsisia ls%hdj,sh $ weuhsfkda wus, jsfhdackfha oS
37 wefudakshus whk khsfg%sg njg m;a lrkafka mshgr follsks tu mshjr yd iyNd.sjk cSjSka ,shkak
wefudakshus whk ---- khsg%hsg cSjska -- Nitrosomonas / Nitrococcus
khsg%hsg ------ khsfg%sg cSjska -- Nitrobacter
38 khsg%cka ;sr lsrsu ljr l%u j,g isoq fjhs o@
iycSjS ;sr lsrSu
iycSjS fkdjk ;sr lsrSu
39 ksoyia khsg%cka ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak
Azotobacter ---mfia usrsosh
Nostoc --- usrsosh
Clostridium--- mfia
Anabaena -- usrsosh
40 iycSjS ;sr lsrSu isoqlrk cSjSka ljq o@ Tjqka cSj;ajk ia:dk olajkak
Rhizobium --- rks, Ydl uq, .egs;s iSlia fldr,a uq,a
Anabaena---- iSlia fldr,a uq,a