Meiosis ans

kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, biounquest.blogspot.com  m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia  ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd  .ekSug W;aidy lrkak 

Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; biounquest.blogspot.com  msjsfikak'                                                                            fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu  Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

Wqkk jsNdckh

1 m%ckkfhaoS isoqjkafka l=ula o@

hus cSjshl= ;udg fndfyda oqrg iudk fyda i¾jiu  kj cSjska ksmojsu

2 hus cSjshl=f.a wdrusNh ;ks ffi,hlsks hkak ikd: lsrSu i|yd idlaIs fokak

nScdKqjla m%frdayKh jsfuka os,sr cd,hla we;sjSu

hqla;dKqjlska l,,hla jslikh jsu

3 cSjSkaf.a m%fjsKsl ,laIK .nvd lrk m%fjsKsl o%jH fudkjd o@

DNA  

jhsri j,  RNA

4 iqkHIagsl cSjshl=f.a m%fjsKsl o%jH mj;sk ia:dk fudkjd o@

 kHIagsh

yrs;,j

uhsgfldkavs%hd

5 ,laIK .nvd lsrsu yereKq jsg DNA u.ska bgq lrk ld¾hhka ,shkak

j¾Okh yd ffi, jsNdck is>%;dj md,kh

ffi, ls%hdldrs;ajh md,kh

6 ffi, jsNdckfhaos kHIagsfha odhl;ajh l=ula o@

kj kHIags ksmojSu i|yd  DNA ixiaf,aIKh

7 fm%dagSk ixiaf,aIKfha oS kHIagsfha odhl;ajh l=ula o@

rhsnfidau ksmojsu yd fm%dagsk ixiaf,aIKhg wjYH RNA  ksmojsu

8 m%ckkfhaoS wdfjsKsfha rgd md,kh kHIagsh u.ska isoq lrhs wdfjsKsh isoq lrkafka ljrlska o@

DNA

9 ta i|yd wjYH msgm; iEoSu isoqjkafka l=uk wjia:dfjsoSo@

DNA m%;sj,s; jsfus oS

10    jraKfoayhla hkq os.  DNA  wKqjls tys cdkfha m:h f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula  o@

j¾aKfoayhl lsishus cdkhla msysgs ia:dkhhs

11 ksYaps; wkqms<sfj,lg ne\QKq cdk jsYd, ixLHdjla j¾Kfoayhl we; iudk m: j, tlu cdkh ksfhdackh jkafka ljr jraKfoay j, o@

iucd;Sh jraKfoay

12 tu cdk hq.,fhka  tlla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

we,s,hla

13  ;ks ffi,hlska csjshl=f.a wdrusN fjhs th ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@ tys isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

hqla;dKqj

 oajs.=K csjshl=f.a ---wkqkk jsNdckh

 tal .=K csjshl=f.a ---Wkk jsNdckh

14 wkqkk jsNdckh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@

 1879 oS Boweri  yd William

15  hqla;dKqj  iEfokafka flfia o@

tal .=K  mqx ckaudKq ffi,h la $Y=l%dKqjla   yd cdhd ckaudKq ffi,hla $ wKav ffi,hla ixfiapkh jsfuka

16  usksia hqla;dKfqjs iucd;Sh jraKfoay hq., lShla mj;shs o@ tlsfklg fjkia  lgsg,$ f.dafkdau lShla fuysos iEosh yels o@

23

folls

17 nyq.=K cSjskaf.a jsfYaI;ajh l=ula o@

f.dafkdau 2 lg jvd jevs .Kkla mej;Su

18  f.dafkdau 1 la iys; ffi, y|qkajk ku ,shkak

tal.=K ffi,

19  tjeks ffi, i|yd WodyrK fokak

os,sr

we,a.S

mdis Ydl

ckaudKq ffi,

nScdKq

20 ,sx.sl m%ckkfha oS ckaudKq ixfiapkfhka iEfok hqla;dKqfjs   j¾Kfoay .Kk  ^46&ksh;j ;nd .eksug kus ckaudKqjla  ;=,  j¾Kfoay lshla mej;sh hq;=o@

23

21  tfia kus j¾Kfoay .Kk wvla jsug kus ckaudKq idok ffi,hl ljr jsNdckhla isoqjsh hq;=o@

Wqkk jsNdckh

22 Wqkk jsNdckh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@

 1887 Weismann

23  usksia hqla;dKfqjs  we;s iucd;Sh jraKfoay hq.,fhka tlla ,efnkafka ljrlska o@

mqx ckaudKq ffi,h $Y=l%dKqj fyda cdhd ckaudKq j$ wKav ffi,fhka

24  ljr mgl ;=, fuu ls%hdj,sh isoqfjhs o@

jDIK

vsusn fldaIh

nScdKq ud;D ffi,

ixfhda.dKqj

25  Wkk jsNdckfha m%;sM,h l=ula o@

tla  oajs.=K ffi,hlska kj  tal.=K ffi,$ oqys;D ffi, 4la ,enSu

26 tysos kHIags jsNdckh ls jdrhla isoqfjhs o@

fojrla

27 j¾Kfoay ixLHj yrs wvla jkafka ljr jsNdckfhaoSo@

m<uq jsNdckh wjidkfha

28  kj ffi, ks¾udKhg wjYH o%jH ljr wjia:djl os iEfohs o@

wka;¾ l,dfjsoS

29  ffi, pl%h hkq l=ula o@ fuu ld,h ;=, isoqjkafka l=ula o@

tla ffi, jsNdckhl  wjidkfha isg B,Õ jsNdckh wjidkh  w;r ffi,h ;=, isoqjk isoqjsus ish,af,a tl;=jhs

j¾Kfoay oajslrKh  jSu yd fnodyersu

30  Wqkk jsNdckh wjOs lShla mj;shso@ ta fudkjd o@

8 

Wkkh 1 jsydckh

m%dla l,dj

fhda. l,dj

jsfhda. l,dj

wka; l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh

m%dla l,dj

fhda. l,dj

jsfhda. l,dj

wka; l,dj

32 Wkkh 1 jsydckh wjidkfha ffi, lShla iEfohs o@

folls

33 oS¾> ld,hla ;=,  isoq jkafka l=uk wjOsh o@

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

34  wkQkkh g iudk f,i yeisfrkafka  ljr wjia:dj o@

Wkkh 11 jsydckh

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, tlsfklg fjkia wjia:d rdYshla yuqjk w;r oS we;s tu wjia:d wkqms<sfj,ska ilikak

tla tla wjia:djg iqoqiq kula fokak

iucd;sh j¾Kfoay tlsfklg iuSmjSu yd iudka;rj msysgsu  -oajs ixhqc iEosu 5

j¾Kfoay flgsjSu yd >k jSu  --->kmg wjOsh 6

kQ,a jeks j¾Kfoay fmfkkakg mgka .ekSu ---;kqmg wjOsh 4

kHIagsldj fkdfmkS hdu  --  ;kqmg wjOsh 3

flakao%foay  folg fnosu tla O%ejhlg tla flakao%foayhla .uka lsrSu  ---;kqmg wjOsh 2

fl%dugska lKsld iys; jsYd, f.da,dldr  kHIagsh--- wka;¾ l,dj 1

kHIags mg,h oshjSu;a  iu. j¾Kfoay ffi, maa,diauhg tl;= jSu  -- Wfm%arKh 10

ffi,fha iul ;,h fomi iucd;  j¾Kfoay  hq., ieliSu  --  m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj 13

uxi, iEoqKq ia:dk j¾KfoaydxY fldgi fjkajSu yd fjkajQ j¾KfoaydxY fldgi yqjudre jS iusnkaO jSu -- >kmg wjOsh 9

fikag%ushrh olajd j¾Kfoay me,su ---hq.mg wjOsh 7

tla j¾KfoaydxY hla iucd; wfkla j¾Kfoayfha  j¾KfoaydxYhla iu. yria jegsu ---hq.mg wjOsh$ >kmg wjOsh 8

 ;¾l=j yels,Su yd j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha jsfhda. l,dj  wdrusNh  14

oqys;D ffi, hq.,hla ms<sfh, jSu---- m<uq  jsNdckfha ffi, maa,diauSh jsNdckh wjidkh 16

uxi, j¾Kfoaydka; foig .uka  lsrsu ---p;=iamg wjOsh 10

j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha iul ;,h lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj  wdrusNh  11

tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg iucd;  hq.,h fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu -- m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj  12

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay f.dkqjla ne.ska ms<sfh, jsu-- Wkkh 1 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wjidkh 15

35  Wkkh 11 jsydckh wjOs 4 ,shkak

Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh fhda. l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj

 Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj

36 oS we;s ,laIKhg .e,fmk ffi,h rEm igyfkka f;darkak

fl%dugska lKsld iys; jsYd, f.da,dldr  kHIagsh --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka;¾ l,dj $ Wkkh 1 jsydckh wka;¾ l,dj

kQ,a jeks j¾K foaydxY njg m;ajQ j¾K foay iys; kHIags mej;su  --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

jraKfoay iys; kHIags 4 la mej;Su --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj

 kHIags mg,h oshjSu;a  iu. j¾K foaydxY njg m;ajQ j¾Kfoay ffi, maa,diauhg tl;= jSu  -- Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj  wjidkh

ffi,fha iul ;,h Tiafia j¾Kfoay  ieliSu  -- Wkkh 11 jsydckh fhda. l,dj

j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj

oqys;D ffi, hq.,hla ms<sfh, jSu---- Wkkh 1 jsydckh ffi, ma,diauSh jsNdckh

ffi,fha iul ;,h Tiafia  tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg tl ne.ska j¾Kfoay  ieliSu  --  fojk  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj

fikag% ushrh me,su  tla j¾KfoaydxYhla tla O%ejhlg;a wfkla  j¾KfoaydxYh

m%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wdrusNh

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha j¾Kfoay f.dkqjla ne.ska ms<sfh, jsu-- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj wdrusNh

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha ud;D  ixLHfjka wvla jk kHIagshla yd kHIagsldjla  ks¾udKh jsu  --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj wjidkh

.=Kd;aulj tlsfklg fjkia tal .=K ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh ffi, ma,diauSh jsNdckh

;¾l=j fkdfmkS hdu  --- jsfhda. l,dj

37  ffi, ma,diau jsNdckfha oS fNaaok we,shla iEfoka fka ljr  ffi,hl o@

i;aj ffi,h

38 wfkla ffi,j, ta fjkqjg isoqjkafka l=ula o@

ffi, ;,hla we;sjsu

39 iEfok ffi, i¾j iu fkdjkafka ljr ,laIK u.ska o@

j¾K foay ixLHdj  wvla jsu u.ska $ m%udKd;aul f,i

 wj;rKfha oS  iucd; j¾Kfoayj, j¾KfoaydxY fldgia  yqjudre jsu ksid .=Kd;aul f,i  j¾Kfoay fjkia jsu

40 Wkkh wkqkk fhka fjkia jk wjia:d  f;dard ,shkak

iucd;sh j¾Kfoay tlsfklg iuSmjSu yd iudka;rj msysgsu  -oajs ixhqc iEosu 5 wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh tla j¾KfoaydxY hla iucd; wfkla j¾Kfoayfha  j¾KfoaydxYhla iu. yria jegsu$wj;rKh ---hq.mg wjOsh$ >kmg wjOsh 8 wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh - >kmg wjOsfha  uxi, iEoqKq ia:dk j¾KfoaydxY fldgi fjkajSu yd fjkajQ j¾KfoaydxY fldgi yqjudre jS iusnkaO jSu ksid j¾Kfoayhl we;s j¾KfoaydxY fol wiudk fjs - wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs  j¾Kfoayhl we;s j¾KfoaydxY fol iudk fjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha jsfhda. l,dj  wdrusNfha  ;¾l=j yels,Su yd j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   wkqkh  jsydckh ;¾l=j yels,Su iu. fikag%ushrh me,S j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha tla tla O%ejh lrd .uka lsrsu  

Wkkh 1 jsydckh jsjsO j¾Kfoay rgd m%dla l,dj ;=, we;s jsu  Wod l;sr yev $uqoq yev

wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj wdrusNfha  kHIagsldj fkdfmkss hdu  wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj wjidkfha  kHIagsldj fkdfmkss hdu

Wkkh 1 jsydckh tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg iucd;  hq.,hu fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu  wkqkfha oS tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg tl j¾Kfoay hla muKla  fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu

Wkkh i|yd .;jk ld,h jevsh $ Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj oS¾> h wkqkh i|yd .;jk ld,h flgsh

Wkkh 1 jsydckh fikag% ushrh me,su  ioq fkdfjhsa j¾KfoaydxY  njg m;a jQ j¾Kfoayh  tla O%ejhlg;a  iucd; wfkla  j¾KfoaydxY  njg m;a jQ j¾Kfoayhm%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu

wk%kkfha oS fikag% ushrh me,su  tla j¾KfoaydxYhla tla O%ejhlg;a wfkla  j¾KfoaydxYh

m%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wdrusNh

Wkkh wjidkfha .=Kd;aulj tlsfklg fjkia tal .=K ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu wkqkh wjidkfha .=Kd;aulj tlsfklg iudk tal .=K ffi, 2la ms<sfh, jsu

Wkkh wjidkfha  ud;D ffi,fha j¾Kfoay ixLHdjg  m%ud=Kd;aulj wiudk  ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu wkqkh wjidkfha j¾Kfoay ixLHdjg  m%ud=Kd;aulj iudk  ffi, 2la ms<sfh, jsu

TskEu ffi,hl wkqkh isoqfjhs Wkkh oajs.=K ffi, j, muKla isoqfjhs