Plant movement ans

W;af;ac  j,g m%;spdr oelajSu

1 W;af;ac j,g m%;spdr oelajsu Ydl  yd i;ajhska i;= cSjS ,laIKhla fjs

tysoS y|qkd.; yels m%Odk fjkia lula ,shkak

Ydl j, W;af;ac j,g m%;spdr oelajsfus fjs.h wvqh i;ajhskaf.a Ydl j, W;af;ac j,g m%;spdr oelajsfus fjs.h jevsfjs

mrsirfhka ,nd.;a   ksrslaIK lsysmhla fuys olajd we;

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh foig Ydl w.%hla keuS j¾Okh jSu

la,eusfvdfukdia wdsf,dalh foig isoq lrk p,kh

ksosl=usnd Ydlhla iam¾Y l< jsg isoqjk p,k

wdOdrlhla jgd wfrdayl Ydlhla t;Su

2 tla tla p,k i|yd fya;= jk  w;af;ach l=ulaoehs y|qkajkak

wdf,dalh

wdf,dalh

iam¾Yh

iam¾Yh

3 W;af;ach yd m%;spdr olajk osYdj w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ulao@  

wdf,dalh meusfKl osYdjg  p,kh isoqfjhs

 wvq wdf,dal  ;‘Sj%;djla mj;sk  osYdjg  p,kh isoqfjhs

tjeks iusnkaO;djla ke;

tjeks iusnkaO;djla ke;

4 tu p,k w;r p,kh m%;sj¾;H jkafka $ uq, ;;ajhg m;a jSu isoqjkafka ljrlo@

la,eusfvdfukdia wdsf,dalh foig isoq lrk p,kh

ksosl=usnd Ydlhla iam¾Y l< jsg isoqjk p,k

5 flgs ld,hlska isoqjsh yels p,k f,i i,lkafka ljrla o@

la,eusfvdfukdia wdsf,dalh foig isoq lrk p,kh

ksosl=usnd Ydlhla iam¾Y l< jsg isoqjk p,k

6 ksosl=usnd Ydlhl p,khg iudk  p,k olajk fjk;a Ydl kus lrkak

rks, Ydl

7 jHqqyuh jYfhka tys mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak

WmOdk mej;Su

8 p,khg fya;= jkafka WmOdk fha ffi,j, ljr ls%hdj,shla o@

ffi, ;=, mj;sk c,h wka;¾ ffi,Sh wjldY ;=,g we;=¿ jSu ksid tajd jsY+k jSu

9 mqIam msmSfus oS o fuhg iudk Y+k;dj fjkiajsfus ls%hdj,shla iso fjhs  jvd;a Y=k ffi, yuqjkafka

mqIam m;% j, ljr mDIaGfha o@ isoqjk fjkia jSu l=ula o@

Wvq mDIaGfha

10 mqIam m;% j, hg mDIaGhg idfmalaIj Wvq mDIaGfha ffi, os.ska jevs jsu

Y=k;djfha fjkila ksid we;sjk fujeks p,k y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

ikakuk p,k

11 fujeks p,k flfrys fya;= jk ixfhda. fudkjd o@

Ydl fydafudak $ TlaiSk

12 ksosl=usnd Ydlh olajk p,k j,g fya;=jk fjk;a W;af;ac fudkjd o@

 wvq wdf,dal ;sj%;dj

;dmh

lusmkh

13 W;af;acfha iajNdjh wkqj p,k kus lrhs by; i|yka W;af;ach wkqj ,ndosh yels ku l=ula o@

m%Nd ikakuk p,k $kso%d ikakuk p,k

;dmikakuk p,k

lusmd ikakuk p,k

14 j¾Okfha we;sjk fjkia jsula ksid we;sjk wm%;sj¾;H p,khla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

wdj¾;S p,khla kus fjhs

Tng th y|qkd .ekSug Wmfhda.S lr .; yels ,laIKhla ,shkak

W;af;acfha osYdj;a p,k osYdj;a w;r iusnkaOhla we;

by; i|yka  jS we;s ,laIK w;rskatjeks wdj¾;S p,k f;darkak

wdOdrlhla jgd wfrdayl Ydlhla t;Su

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh foig Ydl w.%hla keuS j¾Okh jSu

15 fmdapspshl jjk ,o Ydlhla yria w;g fmr<S .sh jsg .=re;ajfhka bj;g  Ydl w.%hla keuS j¾Okh jSfus oS .=re;ajhg iuSm mDIaGfha we;s lf|a mgl j, ljr fjkila isoqjsh hq;= o@

m%;sjsreoaO mDIaGhg idfmalaIj ffi, os.ska jevs jSu

16 .=re;ajfha n,mEfuka fujekakla isoqfjs o  hkak mrslaId lr ne,Su i|yd Ndjs; l< yels WmlrKhla  y|qkajkak

la,sfkdiagegh

17 tys Ydlh r|jd we;s fldgi ksrka;rfhka fiuska N%uKh jSug i,iajd we; thska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka l=ula o@

 Ydl lf|a  .=re;ajhg iuSm mDIaGhg we;slrk n,mEu fudfyd;ska  fudfyd; fjkia lsrSu

Ydl l|g .=re;aj n,h taldldrS f,i oekSug ie,eiajSu

18 i;s lsysmhlg miq ljr ksrSlaIKhla ,efns hehs wfmalaId lrkafka o@

 Ydl w.%hla .=re;ajhg iudka;rjd f,i  j¾Okh jSu

19 tfia isoqjkafka  wehs@

l| jgd we;s  ffi, taldldrS f,i os.ska jevs jSu ksid

 uqf,a w.%h .=re;ajh  foig keuS j¾Okh jSu tysoS isoq fjhs th ljr p,k j¾.hlg wh;a fjhs o@

.=re;ajdj¾;Ss p,k

20  tu ,laIKh fmkajk fjk;a p,k wdldrhla y|qkajkak

id¾jir p,k

21  fus wkqj Tn oekg y|qkdf.k we;s  m%Odk Ydl p,k wdldr 3 olajkak

id¾jir p,k

wdj¾;Ss p,k

ikakuk p,k

22 W;af;ach  foig isoqjk p,k Ok p,k f,i;a W;af;acfhka   bj;g isoqjk p,k iDK p,k

f,i;a y|qkajhs’ ta wkqj my; olajd we;s p,k  kus lrkal

uq, .=re;ajh foig j¾Okh  --------  Ok .=re;ajdj¾;Ss p,k

l|  w.%h .=re;ajfhka bj;g j¾Okh  jSu ----- iDK .=re;ajdj¾;Ss p,k

myqre wdOdrl jgd t;Su  ---- Ok iam¾Ydj¾;S p,k

l=Kav,dldr m;% os. yerSu ----ikakuk p,k

l+v¿ Ydlfha M,h msmsrS nSc jHma; jSu --- ikakuk p,k

mqgsld jsjD; jSu ----m%Nd ikakuk p,k

Translocation ans

wdydr mrsjykh

1 wdydr mrsjyk  mglh l=ula o@

maf,dahu mglh

2 mrsKdufha oS uq,skau mrsjyk mglhla y|qkd .;af;a ljr Ydl fldgsGdYfha o@

n%fhdamssgd

3 Wiia Ydl j,g  jvd tys mej;s fjki ,shkak

n%fhdamssgd j,  mrsjyk mgl ish,qu ffi, rEmshg iudk jsu Wiia Ydl j, rEmshg wiudk ffi, o¾Y 4la  fuu mglhg wh;a fjhs

4 Wiia Ydl j, mj;sk ffi, o¾Y kus lrkak

fmfkar k, uQ,dx. $iypr ffi,  $maf,dahu uDoq ia;r ffi, $maf,dahu ;ka;=

5 wdydr mrsjykhg jvd;a yev.eis we;af;a ljr  ffi, o@$ ffi, hka o@

fmfkar k, uQ,dx.

6 ta i|yd mj;sk yev.eiSu l=ula o@

ffi,fhka ffi,hg  wdydr f.khdu msKsi ffi, ns;a;sh u; isoqre iys; fmfkar ;, mej;su

kHIags fkdue;s jsu

7 fmfkar k, uQ,dx. hla yd m;% uOH ffi,hla w;r mj;sk fjk;a fjkialus ,shkak

uhsgfldkavs%hd l=vd jsu$ fkdue;s jSu

ffi, ma,diauh iaj,am f,i mej;Su

rhsnfidau fyda f.d,a.s fkdue;s jsu

8 lef,dai iEoSu ksid isoq jkafka l=ula o@ ljr wjia:d j,oS th isoqfjhs o@

wdydr mrsjykh je,lS hhs

YS; iD;=fjs  oS

9 lef,dai iEoS we;af;a l=ulska o@

ldfndayhsvsf¾g$ .a,qfldaiaj, nyq wjhjl

10 maf,dahufha wka;¾.; ldnksl o%jH  l=ula o@

iqlafrdaia $ fuso wus, $.a,sifrda,a $weuhsfkda wus,$ j¾Ol o%jH $jssguska

11 maf,dahufha wka;¾.; fjk;a o%jH  fudkjd o@

Ydl j,g fhdok ridhksl o%jH  Wod fmdiafmag , K⁺ whk

12 iqlafrdaia mrsjykhg  Wps; ixfhda.hla f,i i,lkafka wehs@

iqlafrdaiaj,  c,fha o%djH;dj by< jSu ksid

idfmalaI f,i mrsjD;a;Sh wls%h o%jHh;a jsu

13 wdydr mrsjykh lrkafka ljr fldgia j,g o@

ixps; lrk jHqy j,g

j¾Ol fldgia

14 mrsjykh  wdrusN ia:dk jgd we;s mgl fudkjd o@

wdydr ksmojk ffi, $bks uDoqia;r ffi, $ijsjr uDoqia;r ffi,

ixps; lrk jHqy j, $mgl

15 tjeks ia:dk y|qkajk ku ,shkak

m%Njh  $source

16 iypr ffi, j, ld¾hh l=ula o@

mrsjD;a;Sh Yla;sh fhdod .ksuska iqlafrdaia yd wfkl=;a o%jH fmfkar k, uQ,dx. ;=,g we;=¿ lsrsu

17 ta i|yd mj;sk yev .eiSu l=ula o@

tys uhsgfldkavs%hd nyq, jSu

wjfYdaIk mDIaGh jevslr .ekSu i|yd fkrsus mej;Su

 18 osjd ld,fha oS o%djH jsNjh jevs w.hl mj;skafka m;%hl we;s ljr ffi, j,o@ iypr ffi, j,o@ fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,o@

fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,

19 by; ld¾hfha os Yla;sh jeh jkafka wehs@

idkao% wkql%uKhg tfrysj iypr ffi, j, isg fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,g weydr we;=¿ lsrsug

20 fuu ls%hdj y|qkajk ku ,shkak

maf,dahu ner lsrsu

21 m;%hl mrsjyk mgl mj;skafka ljr ia:dkhl o@

m;% kdrgsfha

s22 maf,dahu mglhg iam¾Yj mj;sk fjk;a mrsjyk mglhla kus lrkak

ffY,u mglh

23 maf,dahu ner lsrsfusos l=uk ffi, o¾Yhl c, jsNjh wvq fjhs o@

fmfkar k, uQ,dx.

24 mj;sk c, jsNj fjki fya;=fjka l=uk mglhl isg fuu mglhg  c,h we;=¿ fjhs o@

ffY,u mglfhA  isg

25 fus ksid fmfkar k, ;=, yg .kakd mSvkh ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

o%jia:s;sl mSvkh

26 wdydr ;ekam;a lrk  mglh l=ula o@

 uDoq ia;r mglh

27 Ydlhl ljr fldgia fuu lD;Hh isoq lrhs o@ tjeks ia:dk y|qkajk kula ,shkak

uq, $N+.; l|ka $M, $nSc

wmdhkh

28 ixps; o%jH f,i mj;sk ixfhda. j, mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak

c,fha wo%djH jsu

mrsjD;a;sh f,i wls%h jSu

29 tu ffi, ;=,g wdydr we;=¿ lsrsu ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

maf,dahu yr lsrSu

30 tu ffi, wdYs%;j mj;sk fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j, c, jsNjh wvq fjhs o@ $jevs fjhs o@

jevs fjhs

31 tu fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,  o%j ia:s;sl mSvkh g l=ula isoq fjhs o@

jevs fjhs

32 m;% kdrgsfha we;s fmfkar k, uQ,dx. j,  o%j ia:s;sl mSvkh;a  wdydr ixps; ia:dk;a w;r mj;sk o%j ia:s;sl mSvk wkql%uKh  ksid l=ula n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka o@

m%Njfha isg wmdhkh olajd c,fha o%djH M, .uka lsrsu

33 fuysos isoqjk c, .uk y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

ialkaO m%jdyh

34 maf,dahu mrsjykh o%j ia:s;sl mSvkhla Tiafia isoqjk njg y|qkd.; yels idlaIs mj;S o@

rn¾ lsrs lemSfusos b;d fjs.fhka  lsrs $maf,dahush hqI .,d hdu

lmk ,o fmd,a u,lska uSrd $ fl,scac jEiaiSu b;d fjs.fhka isoq fjhs’

 35 c, mrsjykhg idfmalaIj wdydr mrsjykfha fjkila ,shkak

c, mrsjykhg tla osYdjlg isoqjk w;r wdydr mrsjykh TskEu osYdjlg isoq fjhs

Plant growth 2

j¾Okh ---2

20 f,day m;%hla Ndjs; lruska mrslaIK isoq lf<a ljqo@

fndhsika yd fckaika hk fofokd

21 f,day m;%hla Ndjs; lsrSfus wruqK l=ula o@

ksmofjk o%jH my,g  jsirKh jsu je,elajsu i|yd

22 jl%;djg fya;= jkafka l=uk me;af;a ffi, osla jsu o@

wdf,dalh jefgk me;a;g m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a

23 fuu mrslaIKfhka ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

w.%fha ksmofjk o%jH ffi, osla jsu W;af;ackh lrk nj

w.%ia:fha isg my<ska we;s j¾Ol m%foaYhg ojH we;=¿ jsh hq;= nj

wdf,dalh jefgk me;a;g m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a tu jsirKh isoqjQ nj

24 fjkags isoqlrk ,o mrSlaIKfha oS is|sk ,o w.%h ta.d¾ u; ;ensfus wruqK ,shkak

w.%ia:fha wvx.= o%jH my<g jsirKh fjhs kus  tu o%jHh tys o%djH ;;ajhg m;a lsrsug

25 tfia ,nd.;a ta.d¾ len,s w.%h bj;a lrk ,o l|l jsflakaoSlj ;enSfus wruqK ,shkak

tla me;a;l we;s ffi, j,g j¾Okh fm%arKh lrk o%jHh ,nd oSug

26 tysos md,l mrslaIKh ilia l< hq;af;a flfia o@

 W;af;ackh fkdl, ta.d¾ len,a,ka  w.%h bj;a lrk ,o l|l jsflakaoSlj ;enSfuka

27 W;af;ackh fkdl, ta.d¾ len,a,ka  w.%h bj;a lrk ,o l|l iuflakaoSlj ;enSfuka

,efnk ksrslaIKh ,shkak

l| osla jSu $Wiska jevsjSu

28 W;af;ackh l, ta.d¾ len,a,ka  w.%h bj;a lrk ,o l|l iuflakaoSlj ;enSfuka

 wxl  27 ,efnk ksrSlaIKhg jvd fjkia ksrslaIKhla  ,efnhs o@ fya;=j ,shkak

wxl27  ,efnk ksrSlaIKhg jvd l| osla jSu $Wiska jevsjSu

29  ffi, oslajSu W;af;ackh $fm%arKh  lrk fuu o%jHh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

bkafvda,a weisgsla weisvs

Tlaiska

30 tys lD;Huh ,laIK ,shkak

l| w.%fha ksmojsu yd w.%ia:hg my<ska we;s ffi, j,g n,mEus we;s lsrsu

iq¿ idka|%K j,ska ls%hd;aul jSu

c,fha o%djH jsu

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh jefgk me;af;a isg m%;sjsreoaO me;a;g jsirKh fjhs

31 tys jHqyuh ,laIK ,shkak

tajd iajdNdjsl ldnksl ixfhda. jSu

32 m%frday w.% j,g wu;rj fjk;a fldgia j,o fusjd ksmofjhs tu ia:dk fudkjd o@

tajd mrsjykh jk l%u ,shkak

fkdfusrE m;%j, $ mrd. kd,h $ nschla ;=, we;s l<,h

jsirKh

maf,dhu mrsjykh

33 by< TlaiSk idkao%Khla mj;sk jsg j¾Okh ksfYaOkh jk wjia:djla ,shkak tys m%;sM,h l=ula o@

 llaISh wxl=r j, j¾Okh

w.%ia: m%uqL;dj we;sjsu ksid Ydlfha my< fldgia j,g fyd|ska wdf,dalh ,enSu

34 nschla ksmojsug by< TlaiSk idkao%Khla wjYH fjhs tajd imhkafka flfia o@

j¾Okh jk mrd. kd,h

 nschla ;=, we;s l<,h

35 nSc rys; M, iEoSu ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@ ta i|yd mej;sh hq;= ;;ajh l=ula o@

mdf;afkda M, we;sjsu

iajNdjsl f,i mqIam fldgiaj, by< Tlaisk$ .snr,Ska  idkao%Khla mej;su

36 mdf;afkda M, idok Ydl j,g WodyrK fokak

flfi,a $wkakdis $fodvus$ usos

37 lD;su f,i mdf;afkdaM, we;s lsrsu ldIsl¾udka;fha oS isoq lrhs tysoS isoq lrkafka l=ula o@

l,xlh u; $mqIam u;  Tlaisk wdf,am lsrSu $bisu

38 fPo ia;rh we;sjsu jDka;h yd M,h w;r TlaiSk idkao%Kfha fjkila ksid we;sfjhs th M, fyda m;% m;khg fya;= fjhs th je,elajsfuka tljr M, jsYd, m%udKhla ,nd.; yelsh ldIsl¾udka;fha oS tjeks Ndjs;hla i|yka lrkak

jsYd, m<;=re j;= j,g mqIam msfmk ld,fhaoS TlaiSk biSu

39 wkakdis j;= j, tljr mqIam yg.eksu fm%arKh  lrk j¾Ol o%jHhla $fydafudakhla ,shkak

t;Ska $ldnhsvs bisu  

40 bkafvda,a weisgsla weisvs uq,aj, j¾Okhg flfia n,mdhs o@

uq,aj, oslajSu osrs .kajhs

lemq l|kaj, uq,a we;sjsu osrs .kajhs

41 by;ska i|yka fkdjQ fjk;a  fydafudak $ j¾Ol o%jHhka ,shkak

.snr,Ska

ihsfgdlhskSka

wensisisla weisvs

43 tajd w;frka ffY,u  u.ska by<g mrsjykh o  jsNdcl  mgl u.ska ixiaf,aYKho isoq  lrkafka l=ula o@

ihsfgdlhskSka

44 u.ska by<g fyda my<g  jsirKh jk ffY,u   fyda maf,dahu mrsjykh o  isoqlrk fydafudakh

,shkak

.snr,Ska

45 wfkla fydafudak j,g tfrysj ls%hd lrk fydafudakhla  ,shkak

wensisisla weisvs

 46 tajd  ixiaf,aYKh isoq  lrkafka l=ula  ;=, o@

fkdfusrE m;% wxl=r

nsc

uq,d.%

47 tu ia:dk j,ska nscj, we;sjsh yels fjk;a fydafudakhka ,shkak thska nscj, j¾Okhg we;slrk n,mEu l=ula o@

ihsfgdlhskSka  --- ffi, jsNdckh osrs .ekajsu

wensisisla weisvs --- nsc iqma;;dj we;s lsrsu

48 my; i|yka tla tla l%u j,ska mrsjykh jsh yels fydafudak ,shkak

maf,dahu mrsjykh  -- .snr,Ska $TlaiSka$ wensisisla weisvs $.snr,Ska

 ffY,u  mrsjykh --- ihsfgdlhskSka$t;hska $weisg,ska$.snr,Ska

jsirKh ---wensisisla weisvs $t;hska $weisg,ska$.snr,Ska$TlaiSka

49 Tlaiska iu. wka;¾ ls%hd olajkafka fudkjd o@

ihsfgdlhskSka

50 nSc m%frdayKh fm%arKh ffi, jsYd, jsu yd l|ka osla jSu osrs .kajkafka l=uk fydafudakhla o@

.snr,ska

51 m;%  jhia.; jSu yd  mqIam ue,jSu m%udo lrkafka ljrlska o@

 ihsfgdlhskSka

52 lemq l|kaj, uq,a we;sjsu osrs .kajk Ydl j¾Ol o%jHhla ,shkak

IBA

NAA

53 m<,a m;% iys; Yd; u¾Okhg fhdod .kafka l=ula o@ta u.ska Ydl j,g we;s lrk n,mEu l=ula o@

2,4,D

by< fydafudak idkao%K we;s jsg Ydl j, mrsjD;a;Sh ls%hd wl%uj;a jSu

54 m%n, j,a kdYl f,i fhdod .kafka l=ula o@

MCPA 

  

55 tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh  ksid jl%;djla we;s jSug fya;=j l=ula o@

wdf,dalh  jefgk me;a;g m%;sjsreoaO me;a;g ksmofjk TlaiSk  jsirKh jSu

ksid we;sjk bkafvda,a weisgsla weisvs  idkao%Kh jevs jsu fya;=fjka tys ffi, oslajSu fm%arKh jsu

 tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh  jefgk me;a;g idfmalaIj m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a  ffi, os.ska jevsfjhs

56 fujeks ksrslaIk ,ensug mej;sh hq;= ;;aj ,shkak

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh jl%;djla we;s fkdjSu

w.%h bj;alr ;snsu

w.%ia:hg wdjrKhla fhoSu

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh jefgk me;a;g m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a f,day m;%hla re|jsu

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh jefgk me;a;g m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a f,day m;%hla re|jsu  ---

w.%ia:fha iefok TlaiSk my<g jsirKh je,lShdu

Plant growth 1 ans

1 w¾;dm,a wdlkaohl wxl=r j¾Okh jsu'

11 Ydl l|l  w.%ia: j¾Okh

111 Ydl uq,l  w.%ia: j¾Okh

1v m;%hl isoqjk j¾Okh

v wdf,dalh foig Ydl l|l  w.%ia:fha isoqjk j¾Okh

by;ska oS we;s isoqjSus w;rska f;dard ,shkak

1 cSjshl=f.a  mrsudj jevsjk wjia:d fudkjd o@

w¾;dm,a wdlkaohl wxl=r j¾Okh jsu'

2 cSjshl=f.a jsh<s nr jevsjk wjia:d fudkjd o@

m;%hl isoqjk j¾Okh

3  osf.ys jevsjsula fmkajkafka l=uk wjia:djloS o@

w¾;dm,a wdlkaohl wxl=r j¾Okh jsu'

4 ksYaps; j¾Okhla $ mrsus; j¾Okhla fmkajk Ydl fudkjd o@

tal jd¾Isl Ydl$M, $m;%

5 wmrsus; j¾Okhla fmkajk Ydl j,g WodyrK fokak

os,Sr yd we,a.S

6 ld,h  iu. mrsudfjs jevsjsu m%ia;dr.; l< jsg ,efnk yevh ,shkak

is.audldr yevh

7 ld,h  iu. ld,h  iu. j¾Ok fjs.h  m%ia;dr.; l< jsg ,efnk yevh ,shkak

wiuus;sl iSkq yev

8 j¾Okh ia:dk.;jS  we;s m%foaY fudkjd o@%

w.%ia: $md¾Yajsl $wka;ria:

9 m%d:usl jsNdclhla f,i ie,lsh yelafla ljrla o@

w.%ia: jsNdcl

wka;ria: jsNdcl

10 oajs;Shl jsNdclhla f,i e,lsh yelafla ljrla o@

md¾Yajsl

11 wdf,dalh foig Ydl l|l  w.%ia: j¾Okh ksid we;sjk jl%;dj ms<sn| m¾fhaIK wdrusN lf<a ljqreka o@

vdjska

12 my; i|yka ljr wjia:d ai |yd Tyq Ndjs; lf<a o@

fmdapspshl jjk ,o wfjskd Ydlhla$Tsgs Ydlfha

13 jl%;djla we;sjkafka jHqyuh jYfhka we;sjk ljr fjkila ksid o@

tla mfil mj;sk ffi, m%;sjsreoaO me;af;a we;s ffi, j,g jvd mrsudfjka jevsjsu

14 fuhg wu;r f,i ,nd oqka fjk;a idOlhla i|yka lrkak

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh

15 ljr ;;aj imhd fok ,o w.% jl%;djla fmkajhso@

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh iys; w.%h

16 f,day wdjrKhla Ndjs; lsrsfus wruqK ,shkak ,enqKq ksrslaIKh l=ula o@

wdf,dalh ,ensu je<elajsu i|yd

17 w.%ia:h is|Su ksid we;sjQ fjki l=ula o@ thska ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

jl%;djla we;s fkdjsu

tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh fukau w.%ia:ho  jl%;dj i|yd fya;=jk nj

18 w.%ia:h b;srsj ;snshoS wfkla fldgia l,q meye;s mia j,ska wdjrKh lsrsfus wruqK ,shkak

w.%ia:hg my< fldgiaj,g tal md¾Yajsl wdf,dalh ,ensu je<elajSu

tysoS   isoqjk jl%;dj oelajSu i|yd w.%ia:h wjYH = jk nj

Meiosis ans

kshus; jsIhh tall fldgi lshjSfuka wk;=rej wod, biounquest.blogspot.com  m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

iuyr jsIhh tall fldgia  ms<sn| oekqu icSjSlrK iu. animescience.webatu.com fj;ska ,nd  .ekSug W;aidy lrkak 

Tnf.a ms<s;=re iemhSu wjYH m%Yak m;%h i|yd fj; biounquest.blogspot.com  msjsfikak'                                                                            fuh Tng iajhx we.hsula jkafkah' ms<s;=re fuysoSS mrSlaId lrkak

ksrka;rfhka isoq lrk iajhx we.hSu  Wiia fm< jsNd. j,g id¾:l f,i uqyqK oSug w;aje,la jkq we;'

Wqkk jsNdckh

1 m%ckkfhaoS isoqjkafka l=ula o@

hus cSjshl= ;udg fndfyda oqrg iudk fyda i¾jiu  kj cSjska ksmojsu

2 hus cSjshl=f.a wdrusNh ;ks ffi,hlsks hkak ikd: lsrSu i|yd idlaIs fokak

nScdKqjla m%frdayKh jsfuka os,sr cd,hla we;sjSu

hqla;dKqjlska l,,hla jslikh jsu

3 cSjSkaf.a m%fjsKsl ,laIK .nvd lrk m%fjsKsl o%jH fudkjd o@

DNA  

jhsri j,  RNA

4 iqkHIagsl cSjshl=f.a m%fjsKsl o%jH mj;sk ia:dk fudkjd o@

 kHIagsh

yrs;,j

uhsgfldkavs%hd

5 ,laIK .nvd lsrsu yereKq jsg DNA u.ska bgq lrk ld¾hhka ,shkak

j¾Okh yd ffi, jsNdck is>%;dj md,kh

ffi, ls%hdldrs;ajh md,kh

6 ffi, jsNdckfhaos kHIagsfha odhl;ajh l=ula o@

kj kHIags ksmojSu i|yd  DNA ixiaf,aIKh

7 fm%dagSk ixiaf,aIKfha oS kHIagsfha odhl;ajh l=ula o@

rhsnfidau ksmojsu yd fm%dagsk ixiaf,aIKhg wjYH RNA  ksmojsu

8 m%ckkfhaoS wdfjsKsfha rgd md,kh kHIagsh u.ska isoq lrhs wdfjsKsh isoq lrkafka ljrlska o@

DNA

9 ta i|yd wjYH msgm; iEoSu isoqjkafka l=uk wjia:dfjsoSo@

DNA m%;sj,s; jsfus oS

10    jraKfoayhla hkq os.  DNA  wKqjls tys cdkfha m:h f,i y|qkajkafka l=ula  o@

j¾aKfoayhl lsishus cdkhla msysgs ia:dkhhs

11 ksYaps; wkqms<sfj,lg ne\QKq cdk jsYd, ixLHdjla j¾Kfoayhl we; iudk m: j, tlu cdkh ksfhdackh jkafka ljr jraKfoay j, o@

iucd;Sh jraKfoay

12 tu cdk hq.,fhka  tlla ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

we,s,hla

13  ;ks ffi,hlska csjshl=f.a wdrusN fjhs th ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@ tys isoqjk jsNdckh l=ula o@

hqla;dKqj

 oajs.=K csjshl=f.a ---wkqkk jsNdckh

 tal .=K csjshl=f.a ---Wkk jsNdckh

14 wkqkk jsNdckh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@

 1879 oS Boweri  yd William

15  hqla;dKqj  iEfokafka flfia o@

tal .=K  mqx ckaudKq ffi,h la $Y=l%dKqjla   yd cdhd ckaudKq ffi,hla $ wKav ffi,hla ixfiapkh jsfuka

16  usksia hqla;dKfqjs iucd;Sh jraKfoay hq., lShla mj;shs o@ tlsfklg fjkia  lgsg,$ f.dafkdau lShla fuysos iEosh yels o@

23

folls

17 nyq.=K cSjskaf.a jsfYaI;ajh l=ula o@

f.dafkdau 2 lg jvd jevs .Kkla mej;Su

18  f.dafkdau 1 la iys; ffi, y|qkajk ku ,shkak

tal.=K ffi,

19  tjeks ffi, i|yd WodyrK fokak

os,sr

we,a.S

mdis Ydl

ckaudKq ffi,

nScdKq

20 ,sx.sl m%ckkfha oS ckaudKq ixfiapkfhka iEfok hqla;dKqfjs   j¾Kfoay .Kk  ^46&ksh;j ;nd .eksug kus ckaudKqjla  ;=,  j¾Kfoay lshla mej;sh hq;=o@

23

21  tfia kus j¾Kfoay .Kk wvla jsug kus ckaudKq idok ffi,hl ljr jsNdckhla isoqjsh hq;=o@

Wqkk jsNdckh

22 Wqkk jsNdckh fidhd .;af;a ljq o@

 1887 Weismann

23  usksia hqla;dKfqjs  we;s iucd;Sh jraKfoay hq.,fhka tlla ,efnkafka ljrlska o@

mqx ckaudKq ffi,h $Y=l%dKqj fyda cdhd ckaudKq j$ wKav ffi,fhka

24  ljr mgl ;=, fuu ls%hdj,sh isoqfjhs o@

jDIK

vsusn fldaIh

nScdKq ud;D ffi,

ixfhda.dKqj

25  Wkk jsNdckfha m%;sM,h l=ula o@

tla  oajs.=K ffi,hlska kj  tal.=K ffi,$ oqys;D ffi, 4la ,enSu

26 tysos kHIags jsNdckh ls jdrhla isoqfjhs o@

fojrla

27 j¾Kfoay ixLHj yrs wvla jkafka ljr jsNdckfhaoSo@

m<uq jsNdckh wjidkfha

28  kj ffi, ks¾udKhg wjYH o%jH ljr wjia:djl os iEfohs o@

wka;¾ l,dfjsoS

29  ffi, pl%h hkq l=ula o@ fuu ld,h ;=, isoqjkafka l=ula o@

tla ffi, jsNdckhl  wjidkfha isg B,Õ jsNdckh wjidkh  w;r ffi,h ;=, isoqjk isoqjsus ish,af,a tl;=jhs

j¾Kfoay oajslrKh  jSu yd fnodyersu

30  Wqkk jsNdckh wjOs lShla mj;shso@ ta fudkjd o@

8 

Wkkh 1 jsydckh

m%dla l,dj

fhda. l,dj

jsfhda. l,dj

wka; l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh

m%dla l,dj

fhda. l,dj

jsfhda. l,dj

wka; l,dj

32 Wkkh 1 jsydckh wjidkfha ffi, lShla iEfohs o@

folls

33 oS¾> ld,hla ;=,  isoq jkafka l=uk wjOsh o@

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

34  wkQkkh g iudk f,i yeisfrkafka  ljr wjia:dj o@

Wkkh 11 jsydckh

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, tlsfklg fjkia wjia:d rdYshla yuqjk w;r oS we;s tu wjia:d wkqms<sfj,ska ilikak

tla tla wjia:djg iqoqiq kula fokak

iucd;sh j¾Kfoay tlsfklg iuSmjSu yd iudka;rj msysgsu  -oajs ixhqc iEosu 5

j¾Kfoay flgsjSu yd >k jSu  --->kmg wjOsh 6

kQ,a jeks j¾Kfoay fmfkkakg mgka .ekSu ---;kqmg wjOsh 4

kHIagsldj fkdfmkS hdu  --  ;kqmg wjOsh 3

flakao%foay  folg fnosu tla O%ejhlg tla flakao%foayhla .uka lsrSu  ---;kqmg wjOsh 2

fl%dugska lKsld iys; jsYd, f.da,dldr  kHIagsh--- wka;¾ l,dj 1

kHIags mg,h oshjSu;a  iu. j¾Kfoay ffi, maa,diauhg tl;= jSu  -- Wfm%arKh 10

ffi,fha iul ;,h fomi iucd;  j¾Kfoay  hq., ieliSu  --  m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj 13

uxi, iEoqKq ia:dk j¾KfoaydxY fldgi fjkajSu yd fjkajQ j¾KfoaydxY fldgi yqjudre jS iusnkaO jSu -- >kmg wjOsh 9

fikag%ushrh olajd j¾Kfoay me,su ---hq.mg wjOsh 7

tla j¾KfoaydxY hla iucd; wfkla j¾Kfoayfha  j¾KfoaydxYhla iu. yria jegsu ---hq.mg wjOsh$ >kmg wjOsh 8

 ;¾l=j yels,Su yd j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha jsfhda. l,dj  wdrusNh  14

oqys;D ffi, hq.,hla ms<sfh, jSu---- m<uq  jsNdckfha ffi, maa,diauSh jsNdckh wjidkh 16

uxi, j¾Kfoaydka; foig .uka  lsrsu ---p;=iamg wjOsh 10

j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha iul ;,h lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj  wdrusNh  11

tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg iucd;  hq.,h fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu -- m<uq  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj  12

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay f.dkqjla ne.ska ms<sfh, jsu-- Wkkh 1 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wjidkh 15

35  Wkkh 11 jsydckh wjOs 4 ,shkak

Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh fhda. l,dj

Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj

 Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj

36 oS we;s ,laIKhg .e,fmk ffi,h rEm igyfkka f;darkak

fl%dugska lKsld iys; jsYd, f.da,dldr  kHIagsh --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka;¾ l,dj $ Wkkh 1 jsydckh wka;¾ l,dj

kQ,a jeks j¾K foaydxY njg m;ajQ j¾K foay iys; kHIags mej;su  --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj

jraKfoay iys; kHIags 4 la mej;Su --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj

 kHIags mg,h oshjSu;a  iu. j¾K foaydxY njg m;ajQ j¾Kfoay ffi, maa,diauhg tl;= jSu  -- Wkkh 11 jsydckh m%dla l,dj  wjidkh

ffi,fha iul ;,h Tiafia j¾Kfoay  ieliSu  -- Wkkh 11 jsydckh fhda. l,dj

j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   ---- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj

oqys;D ffi, hq.,hla ms<sfh, jSu---- Wkkh 1 jsydckh ffi, ma,diauSh jsNdckh

ffi,fha iul ;,h Tiafia  tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg tl ne.ska j¾Kfoay  ieliSu  --  fojk  jsNdckfha fhda. l,dj

fikag% ushrh me,su  tla j¾KfoaydxYhla tla O%ejhlg;a wfkla  j¾KfoaydxYh

m%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wdrusNh

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha j¾Kfoay f.dkqjla ne.ska ms<sfh, jsu-- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj wdrusNh

ffi,fha tla tla O%ejfha ud;D  ixLHfjka wvla jk kHIagshla yd kHIagsldjla  ks¾udKh jsu  --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh wka; l,dj wjidkh

.=Kd;aulj tlsfklg fjkia tal .=K ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh ffi, ma,diauSh jsNdckh

;¾l=j fkdfmkS hdu  --- jsfhda. l,dj

37  ffi, ma,diau jsNdckfha oS fNaaok we,shla iEfoka fka ljr  ffi,hl o@

i;aj ffi,h

38 wfkla ffi,j, ta fjkqjg isoqjkafka l=ula o@

ffi, ;,hla we;sjsu

39 iEfok ffi, i¾j iu fkdjkafka ljr ,laIK u.ska o@

j¾K foay ixLHdj  wvla jsu u.ska $ m%udKd;aul f,i

 wj;rKfha oS  iucd; j¾Kfoayj, j¾KfoaydxY fldgia  yqjudre jsu ksid .=Kd;aul f,i  j¾Kfoay fjkia jsu

40 Wkkh wkqkk fhka fjkia jk wjia:d  f;dard ,shkak

iucd;sh j¾Kfoay tlsfklg iuSmjSu yd iudka;rj msysgsu  -oajs ixhqc iEosu 5 wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh tla j¾KfoaydxY hla iucd; wfkla j¾Kfoayfha  j¾KfoaydxYhla iu. yria jegsu$wj;rKh ---hq.mg wjOsh$ >kmg wjOsh 8 wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh - >kmg wjOsfha  uxi, iEoqKq ia:dk j¾KfoaydxY fldgi fjkajSu yd fjkajQ j¾KfoaydxY fldgi yqjudre jS iusnkaO jSu ksid j¾Kfoayhl we;s j¾KfoaydxY fol wiudk fjs - wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs  j¾Kfoayhl we;s j¾KfoaydxY fol iudk fjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh ---- m<uq  jsNdckfha jsfhda. l,dj  wdrusNfha  ;¾l=j yels,Su yd j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha O%ej lrd .uka lsrsu   wkqkh  jsydckh ;¾l=j yels,Su iu. fikag%ushrh me,S j¾KfoaydxY njg m;ajQ  j¾Kfoay  ffi,fha tla tla O%ejh lrd .uka lsrsu  

Wkkh 1 jsydckh jsjsO j¾Kfoay rgd m%dla l,dj ;=, we;s jsu  Wod l;sr yev $uqoq yev

wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj ;=, fujekakla isoq fkdfjs

Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj wdrusNfha  kHIagsldj fkdfmkss hdu  wkqkh  jsydckh m%dla l,dj wjidkfha  kHIagsldj fkdfmkss hdu

Wkkh 1 jsydckh tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg iucd;  hq.,hu fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu  wkqkfha oS tla ;¾l= ;ka;=jlg tl j¾Kfoay hla muKla  fikag%ushrh fomi we;s lhskgfldar u.ska ijsjSu

Wkkh i|yd .;jk ld,h jevsh $ Wkkh 1 jsydckh m%dla l,dj oS¾> h wkqkh i|yd .;jk ld,h flgsh

Wkkh 1 jsydckh fikag% ushrh me,su  ioq fkdfjhsa j¾KfoaydxY  njg m;a jQ j¾Kfoayh  tla O%ejhlg;a  iucd; wfkla  j¾KfoaydxY  njg m;a jQ j¾Kfoayhm%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu

wk%kkfha oS fikag% ushrh me,su  tla j¾KfoaydxYhla tla O%ejhlg;a wfkla  j¾KfoaydxYh

m%;sjsreoaO O%ejhg;a  .uka lsrsu --- Wkkh 11 jsydckh jsfhda. l,dj wdrusNh

Wkkh wjidkfha .=Kd;aulj tlsfklg fjkia tal .=K ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu wkqkh wjidkfha .=Kd;aulj tlsfklg iudk tal .=K ffi, 2la ms<sfh, jsu

Wkkh wjidkfha  ud;D ffi,fha j¾Kfoay ixLHdjg  m%ud=Kd;aulj wiudk  ffi, 4la ms<sfh, jsu wkqkh wjidkfha j¾Kfoay ixLHdjg  m%ud=Kd;aulj iudk  ffi, 2la ms<sfh, jsu

TskEu ffi,hl wkqkh isoqfjhs Wkkh oajs.=K ffi, j, muKla isoqfjhs